Debhata Upazila

Debhata Upazila (satkhira district) area 173.21 sq km, located in between 22°31' and 22°40' north latitudes and in between 88°55' and 89°07' east longitudes. It is bounded by satkhira sadar upazila on the north, kaliganj (Satkhira) upazila on the south, assasuni and Satkhira Sadar upazilas on the east, west bengal of India on the west.

Population Total 125358; male 62429, female 62929; Muslim 101776, Hindu 23573, Christian 8 and others 1.

Water bodies Main rivers: ichamati, Kholpetua; Sapmara and Labannabati canals are notable.

Administration Debhata Thana, now an upazila, was formed in 1919.

Upazila
Municipality	Union	Mouza	Village	Population		Density (per sq km)	Literacy rate (%)
				Urban	Rural		Urban	Rural
-	5	59	125	2781	122577	724	59.33	54.72

Upazila Town
Area (sq km)	Mouza	Population	Density (per sq km)	Literacy rate (%)
3.48	1	2781	799.14	59.33

Union
Name of union and GO code	Area (acre)	Population		Literacy rate (%)
		Male	Female
Kulia 31	13463	14372	14422	54.3
Debhata 15	5304	7831	8205	57.2
Noapara 47	8626	13900	14043	53.7
Parulia 63	10828	16115	16064	49.7
Sakhipur 79	4235	10211	10195	63.1

Source Bangladesh Population Census 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Archaeological heritage and relics Sree Sree Gokulananda Jeu Mandir, Debhata Municipal Office, Debhata Thana Bhaban (1894).

War of Liberation In the month of April 1971 the Pak army brutally killed more than three hundred innocent refugees at Parulia Sapmara canal of the upazila. These people were coming from Dacope, Batiaghata, Baradal, Bangdaha, Assasuni of Khulna and Satkhira regions and were on their way to India. On 22 April the Pak army shot a villager dead at Parulia. An encounter between the freedom fighters and the Pak army was held on 7 June 1971 at village Town Sreepur of the upazila in which 8 freedom fighters including Nazmul Arefin Khokon and Shamsuzzaman Khan Kajol were killed. On 15 August the freedom fighters destroyed the wooden bridge, extensively used by the Pak army on the Sapmara Canal. In October 1971 the freedom fighters attacked the Pak military base at Shakhara-Komorput in which Muktijoddha Golzar Hossain of village Kulia and a number of Pakistani soldiers were killed. This battle is known as ‘Bhatshala Battle’. On 21 November the freedom fighters attacked the Pak army base at a place adjacent to the Kulia Bridge of the upazila in which 9 freedom fighters were killed. In this battle the Pak army also faced heavy causalities and was forced to flee the base. There is a mass grave in the upazila and two roads have been named after Martyr Kajol Memorial and Martyr Nazmul Memorial.

For details: see দেবহাটা উপজেলা, বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation), বাংলাদেশ এশিয়াটিক সোসাইটি, ঢাকা ২০২০, খণ্ড ৪।

Religious institutions Mosque 150, temple 88. Noted religious institutions: Hossaini Imambari Mosque (1986).

Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 54.8%; male 58.8%, female 50.9%. Educational institutions: college 4, secondary school 15, primary school 56, community school 2, madrasa 11. Noted educational institutions: Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah College (1985), Hazi Keyamuddin Memorial Girls' College (1996), Debhata College (2000), Ichamati Technical College (2004), Town Shreepur Sharat Chandra High School (1916), Parulia MS High School (1976), Debhata BBMP Institution (1919), Bahera AT Secondary School (1927).

Newspapers and periodicals Saikat (literary periodicals, 1997-98), Sonar Barta (1994-96), Debhata Barta (1997), Chetona (1990), Parabat (1994), Chhanda Hillol (1990).

Cultural organisations Club 23, library 1, cinema hall 2.

Main sources of income Agriculture 53.72%, non-agricultural labourer 5.18%, industry 1.08%, commerce 24.40%, transport and communication 3.66%, service 4.83%, construction 1.19%, religious service 0.32%, rent and remittance 0.31% and others 5.31%.

Ownership of agricultural land Landowner 46.49%, landless 53.51%; agricultural landowner: urban 39.56% and rural 46.65%.

Main crops Paddy, mustard, potato, onion, vegetables.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops Tobacco, arahar, sesame, gram, khesari, masina, jute.

Main fruits Mango, litchi, coconut.

Fisheries, dairies and poultries Dairy 11, poultry 50, shrimp 500.

Communication facilities Roads: pucca 79 km, semi-pucca 63 km, mud road 279 km.

Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport Palanquin, bullock cart, horse carriage.

Noted manufactories Rice mill, ice factory, welding factory.

Cottage industries Goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, bamboo work.

Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 10, fairs 6, most noted of which are Parulia Hat, Parulia Bazar, Kulia Bazar, Sakhipur Bazar, Debhata Bazar, Parulia Sashan Ghat Mela (on the occasion of the Kali Puja).

Main exports Shrimp, leather, vegetables.

Access to electricity All the unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 45.7% of the dwellings have access to electricity.

Sources of drinking water Tube-well 94.4%, tap 2.0% and others 3.6%.

Sanitation 80.5% of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 17.3% of dwelling houses use non-sanitary latrines; 2.2% of households do not have latrine facilities.

Health centres Upazila health complex 1, satellite clinic 2, clinic 15, pathology centre 2.

NGO activities brac, Dhaka Ahsania Mission, Ashar Alo. [Amarendra Nath Mridha]

References Bangladesh Population Census 2001 and 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Debhata Upazila 2007.