Transplantation

Transplantation a surgical procedure in which an organ or a tissue is transferred from one location to another location of a person's body, eg, a skin autograft transplant orallograft transplant when an organ from one individual (the donor) is transferred to another individual (the recipient), eg, transplant of kidney. The donor could be a living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death or cadaveric source.

Types of Organ Transplants include replacing damaged tissue or organ with a functional one, like a bone marrow transplant in blood-related problems; heart transplantation transferring a healthy heart from a donor with brain death to a patient with a damaged or diseased heart; kidney transplant involves replacing damaged kidney and so on. Worldwide, the most commonly transplanted organs are the kidneys, followed by the liver and then the heart. The cornea is the most widely transplanted tissue, outnumbering organ transplants by more than tenfold. A spouse or other family member or an unrelated person such as a friend can be a living organ donor, provided the donor recipients are serologically compatible.

In addition to being subject to strict legal requirements, the donor and recipient must be histocompatible in allogenous transplantations to reduce the transplant rejection risk. Organ transplant people usually receive immunosuppressant drugs to prevent organ rejection. Immunosuppressants like tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and corticosteroids (prednisone) cope with this response, defending the new organ. At the time of organ transplantation, recipients need to take substantial doses of immunosuppressants and continue the drugs daily for life. There is substantial inter-patient variability in absorption, half-life, and other pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. [Mamun Rashid Chowdhury]