Tumor

Tumor a tumor is defined as an abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide uncontrollably. There are several risk factors for tumors, including smoking, exposure to UV radiation, occupational exposures to aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Some tumors might also be inherited genetically or caused by viral infections. There are three main types of tumor: Benign, Premalignant, and Malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and unable to spread or grow as fast as malignant tumors do. If a tumor is removed by surgery at the benign stage, it cannot spread or convert into a malignant tumor. Adenomas, lipomas, and hemangiomas are different types of benign tumors. The premalignant tumors are a stage closer to the malignant tumors, where appropriate stimuli could lead to the convergence of premalignant lesions into malignant tumors. Actinic keratosis, cervical dysplasia, and metaplasia of the lung are some the examples of premalignant tumors. Malignant tumors are cancerous and the most dangerous types of tumors. The cells of a malignant tumor can grow indefinitely and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Different types of malignant tumors originate in different types of cells of the body. Examples include Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Blastoma, Germ cell tumor, etc. The treatment of tumors involves surgical removal of the mass of the tumor and then associated chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Modern treatment modules for tumors include targeted monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapy using the primed T-cells of a cancer patient. [Md. Ismail Hosen]