Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila

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Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila (brahmanbaria district) area 440.55 sq km, located in between 23°51' and 24°06' north latitudes and in between 90°53' and 91°19' east longitudes. It is bounded by sarail and nasirnagar upazilas on the north, akhaura, kasba and Nabinagarupazilas on the south, madhabpur upazila and tripura state of India on the east, ashuganj and Nabinagar upazilas on the west.

Population Total 625484; male 318579, female 306905; Muslim 574018, Hindu 51173, Buddhist 63, Christian' 49 and others 181.

Water bodies Main river: titas; Boalia, Kajla, Kodalia, Singer, Dhupajuri and Laiska beels are notable.

Administration Brahmanbaria Thana was turned into an upazila on 15 February 1984; Brahmanbaria Municipality was formed in 1869.

Upazila
Municipality Union Mouza Village Population Density (per sq km) Literacy rate (%)
Urban Rural Urban Rural

1

21

320

375

145300

480184

1420

61.43

38.91

Municipality

Area
(sq km)

Ward

Mahalla

Population

Density
(per sq km)

Literacy rate (%)

17.58

12

34

129278

7354

62.56

Upazila Town

Area
(sq km)

Mouza

Population

Density
(per sq km)

Literacy rate (%)

4.89

-

16022

3276

51.80

Union
Name of union and GO code Area (acre) Population Literacy rate (%)
Male Female

Uttar Ichhapur 91

3158

6389

5923

36.07

Uttar Natai 93

2946

12533

18810

38.81

Char Islampur 36

5540

7107

6637

22.10

Chandura 32

4644

12266

12365

31.37

Dakshin Ichhapur 43

3727

7065

6586

39.81

Dakshin Natai 48

2683

12870

12313

39.42

Dakshin Singerbil 52

3310

11275

10578

42.72

Dakshin Shuhilpur 50

7652

17562

16552

40.11

Pattan 72

8918

12445

10976

31.82

Paharpur 66

8168

16842

15897

41.48

Purba Talsahar 81

3153

8893

9614

35.75

Basudeb 17

6441

15340

14633

49.27

Bishnupur 96

4412

6819

6633

54.08

Budhal 94

2176

9850

10173

35.44

Budhanti 28

5693

14611

15362

37.09

Machhihata 59

7899

17068

17354

46.34

Majlishpur 61

7547

11065

10770

34.41

Ramrail 83

3409

14460

13340

46.31

Sadekpur 86

2983

8115

8659

42.67

Sultanpur 88

7336

13840

13399

41.65

Haraspur 56

7083

14974

14943

29.56

Source Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Archaeological heritage and relics Ulchapara Jami Mosque, Bhadughar Jami Mosque, Kal Bhairab Mandir, Anandamayee Kali Mandir, Sree Sree Shiva Mandir, Nreesingha Joar Mandir, Mourail Kali Mandir, Haraspur Zamindar Bari and Hammamkhana.

History of the War of Liberation During the war of liberation in 1971 a number of stray encounters were held in many places of the upazila. The Pak army brutally killed 204 persons at Kautali, Pairtala, Singerbeel, Natai, Majlishpur, Bijeshwar, Ramrail and Atla of the upazila. Besides, the Pak army brutally killed 22 persons at village Birpasha of Budhanti union. Brahmanbaria was liberated on 8 December.

Marks of the War of Liberation Memorial monument 3; Memorial sculpture 1.

Religious institutions Mosque 292, temple 21, church 4. Noted religious institutions: Ulchapara Jami Mosque, Bhadughar Jami Mosque, Chinair Dakshin Para Jami Mosque, Younusia Jami Mosque, Anandamayee Kalibari Mandir, Nreesingha Jeo Mandir, Mourail Kali Mandir, Baptist Church; tombs of Hazrat Kazi Mahmud Shah (R), Hazrat Dr Abdullah (R), Syed Abdul Bari Shah (R) and Syed Musleh Uddin (R); Bhadughar Math, Ramkrishna Ashram, Raghunath Jeo Akhra.'

Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 44.3%; Male 46.2%, female 42.4%. Educational institutions: law college 1, homeopathic college 1, college 10, vocational school 2, secondary school 58, primary school 230, community school 19, Kindergarten 36, madrasa 17. Noted educational institutions: Brahmanbaria Government College (1948), Brahmanbaria Government Girls' College (1964), Mirasani Poly Technique Academy (1948), Ramkanai High Academy (1901), Brahmanbaria High School (1860), Ananada Government High School (1875), Niaz Mohammad High School (1914), Satbarga High School (1931), Government Model Girls' High School (1936), Brahmanbaria Industrial School (1941), Mission Primary School (1910), Adampur Fazil Madrasa (1917), Jamia Younusia Madrasa.

Newspapers and periodicals Daily: Brahmanbaria, Prajabandhu, Ajker Halchal (defunct); weekly: Usha, Titas; monthly: Hira, Mandas, Parichaya.

Cultural organisations Library 14, theatre group 2, cinema hall 3, playground 33, women's organisation 45.'

Main sources of income Agriculture 47.97%, non-agricultural labourer 3.73%, industry 1%, commerce 17.94%, transport and communication 3.96%, service 8.23%, construction 1.88%, religious service '0.36%, rent and remittance 2.74% and others 12.19%.

Ownership of agricultural land Landowner 56.52%, landless 43.48%; agricultural landowner: urban' 40.02% and rural 61.37%.

Main crops Paddy, wheat, jute, mustard, sesame, peanut, kalai, khesari, muk, gram, futi, vegetables.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops Sugarcane, pea, keora, dhundle.

Main fruits Mango, black berry, jackfruit, banana, litchi, papaya, guava, watermelon.

Fisheries, dairies and poultries Fishery 14, dairy 6, poultry 109, nursery 20.

Communication facilities Pucca road 174 km, semi-pucca road 30 km, mud road 335 km; waterways 95 nautical miles; railways 28 km.

Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport Palanquin, bullock cart, horse carriage.

Noted manufactories Rice mill, flour mill, ice factory, oil mill, saw mill, printing press, welding factory, fertiliser factory.

Cottage industries Goldsmith, blacksmith, weaving, potteries, wood work, bamboo work, cane work.

Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 61, fairs 7, most noted of which are Anand Bazar, Jagat Bazar, Shuhilpur Bazar, Nandanpur Bazar, Gokornaghat Bazar, Chinair Bazar, Faruqi Bazar, Satbarga Bazars; Bijoy Mela, Bhadughar Banni Mela, Madhya Para Radharmaan Mela and Madha Para Ketkedi Mela.

Main exports Paddy, jute, wheat, natural gas.

Access to electricity All the wards and unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 39.13% of the dwelling households have access to electricity.

Natural resources Titas gas.

Sources of drinking water Tube-well 92.36%, pond 0.74%, tap 2.00% and others 4.90%. The presence of arsenic has been detected in shallow tube-well water of this upazila.

Sanitation 51.85% (rural 43.53% and urban 80.14%) of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 37.74% (rural 43.70% and urban 17.46%) of dwelling households use non-sanitary latrines; 10.42% of households do not have latrine facilities.

Health centres Hospital 39, health and family welfare complex 1, satellite clinic, health and family welfare centre 20, union family planning clinic 5, maternity clinic 1, dental hospital 4.

Natural disasters The famine of 1943, the flood and famine of 1974, the cyclones of 1961 and 2003, Mohajer problem of 1964 and the floods of 1988, 1998 and 2004 caused heavy loss of life and properties of the upazila.

NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, asa, proshika, Ganakallayan Kendra, VDC. [Md. Mahabubur Rahman]

References Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila 2007.