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06:59, 9 December 2023 ‎Garst, Ronald Joseph (hist | edit) ‎[2,646 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "thumb|400px|right|Ronald Joseph Garst '''Garst, Ronald Joseph''' (1918-2009) Orthopedic Surgeon, Educator and Social Worker. He was born in Oklahoma state of USA. Since 1954 he was in service at the Union Methodist Missionary at Ludhiana, Punjab, India; where he established the Christian Medical College and Hospital. His deep concern about the fact that there was only one Orthopedic Surgeon in Bangladesh who also left the country after ind...")
08:28, 2 November 2023 ‎Tumor (hist | edit) ‎[1,638 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Tumor''' a tumor is defined as an abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide uncontrollably. There are several risk factors for tumors, including smoking, exposure to UV radiation, occupational exposures to aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Some tumors might also be inherited genetically or caused by viral infections. There are three main types of tumor: Benign, Premalignant, and Malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous a...")
08:26, 2 November 2023 ‎Transplantation (hist | edit) ‎[1,890 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Transplantation''' a surgical procedure in which an organ or a tissue is transferred from one location to another location of a person's body, eg, a skin autograft transplant orallograft transplant when an organ from one individual (the donor) is transferred to another individual (the recipient), eg, transplant of kidney. The donor could be a living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death or cadaveric source. Types of Organ Transplants include replacing damaged t...")
08:24, 2 November 2023 ‎Tissue (hist | edit) ‎[1,984 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Tissue''' derives from the French word ‘tissue’, which means something that is ‘woven’. In multi cellular higher organisms like animals and plants, the tissue comprises cells of similar structure that work together to perform a specific function. In biology, tissue is a cellular hierarchical organizational level between cells and organs. Similar tissues comprise ‘organs’, e.g., the brain, heart, lung, etc. All the organs together make up the entire body....")
08:22, 2 November 2023 ‎Toxin (hist | edit) ‎[1,739 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Toxin''' are heterogeneous molecules that show toxic properties to other cells, organisms, and living beings in various mechanisms. The plant's toxic nature and seeds have also been well-known for centuries. Dating back to about 1500 BC, the first information and description of natural poisons originated in the Ebers Papyrus. It is now widely known that many plants content with poisonous substances. In 50 BC, Dioscorides classified toxins depending on their origin to...")
08:18, 2 November 2023 ‎Tetanus Toxin (hist | edit) ‎[2,058 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Tetanus Toxin''' first described in the fourth century BC by Hippocrates of Kos (Greece) as a neuroparalytic disease. The disease leading to rigidity and tetanic spasms is characterized by voluntary muscle hyperactivity. Tetanus caused by a bacterium was demonstrated in 1884 by Carle and Rattone and later isolated by Kitasato and named Clostridium tetani. In 1889, it was demonstrated that the bacterium C. tetani produce a potent neurotoxin that causes tetanus. Worl...")
08:12, 2 November 2023 ‎Teratogenesis (hist | edit) ‎[1,800 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Teratogenesis''' Terato is a Greek word meaning monster or ugly creature. The defective process by which the developing fetus or fetus in the mother's womb is functionally and structurally altered and gives birth as a deformed, deformed and disabled baby is called teratogenesis. In a word, teratogenesis is a congenital disability of the animal embryo. Fetal congenital disabilities are thought to be caused primarily by two mechanisms. One is for an error in the geneti...")
08:09, 2 November 2023 ‎Technology (hist | edit) ‎[1,837 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Technology''' is the most influential phenomenon that changes the world. The word 'Technology' derives from the Greek words 'techne' and 'logos'. Techne means art or the method or technique by which something is acquired. The speech, or utterance, through which inner thinking is expressed is called logos. Therefore, technology refers to statements or conversations concerning how things are acquired. The term was first used by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who divid...")
07:29, 2 November 2023 ‎Vitamin (hist | edit) ‎[2,456 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Vitamin''' the vitamin is an organic nutrient that does not produce energy, but it is essential in a small amount for normal body function. It is an essential nutrient our bodies cannot produce on their own, and we should take it from our food or supplement. Vitamins are commonlycategorized as water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin B complexes and C are members of water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are members of fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-solubl...")
07:27, 2 November 2023 ‎Virulence (hist | edit) ‎[1,836 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Virulence''' means disease severity. The word virulent, meaning "a poisoned wound, derives from the Latin word virulentus. Virulence is the comparative ability of a pathogen to defeat a host's defenses and cause disease or damage. A pathogen is an organism, eg, a bacterium or virus, that harms its host and causes illness. As a host, the level of damage caused by a microbe or a virus in animals refers to virulence. The virulence factors are determined by the pathogeni...")
07:25, 2 November 2023 ‎Veterinary Science (hist | edit) ‎[2,176 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Veterinary Science''' is a branch of medical science also called Veterinary medicine. It is a biological science concerned with the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disorders affecting the health of domestic, wild, pet, and aquatic animals. Other than these, veterinary science deals with animal husbandry, breeding, and nutrition and is alsoconcerned with preventing and transmitting animal diseases to people, commonly called zoonotic diseas...")
07:23, 2 November 2023 ‎Symbiosis (hist | edit) ‎[1,985 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Symbiosis''' is an interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both species. Five types of relationships are recognized. ''Mutualism'' can be defined as an interaction between individuals from different species that brings beneficial effects to each species. An example of a mutual relationship is ''lichens''. This mutually beneficial relationship consists of algae and a fungus. The fungi bring sup...")
07:08, 2 November 2023 ‎Sustainable Development (hist | edit) ‎[3,680 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Sustainable Development''' With the advent of the industrial revolution in mid-18th century, businesses comprehended the financial return from natural resources and started enhanced use for greater profits. In 1968 Garret Hardin outlined in his essay, ‘Tragedy of Commons’, he observed that individualism is the primary focus of businesses and thus it is against the interest of communities if it results in exhaustion of natural resources. The first conference of Un...")
07:03, 2 November 2023 ‎Straw (hist | edit) ‎[1,927 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Straw''' is the dried mature crop plant that remains after collecting seeds/fruits. It is commonly known as the dried stalks (vegetative parts) of the mature cereal crop plants (rice/wheat/maize/barley/oat) that remain after harvesting and removing grains. It is an agricultural byproduct, and its nutritional value is inferior since it is harvested after maturity. The digestibility of straw is very low, about 40%. Rice straw and wheat straw usually contains 14 – 20%...")
07:01, 2 November 2023 ‎Steroid (hist | edit) ‎[2,076 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Steroid''' a biologically active natural or synthetic organic compound,is significant in medicine, biology and chemistry. Steroid is included among the components of cell membranes, signaling molecules, different sex hormones, adrenocortical hormones, bile acids, and numerous physiologically dynamic components of flora, fauna and fungi.The core structure of steroid is specified by 17 carbon atoms organized in four fused rings. The steroids differ from one another th...")
07:00, 2 November 2023 ‎Sterilization (hist | edit) ‎[2,445 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Sterilization''' is a validated process that destroys, eliminates, or deactivates all forms of microorganisms (ie, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) along with the most resistant endospores and prions. Although both sterilization and disinfection remove pathogens, the key to distinguishing these two techniques is the endospore. After the complete sterilization process, an object is referred to as ascetic or sterile. Sterilization is commonly used in healthcare...")
06:58, 2 November 2023 ‎Stem Cell (hist | edit) ‎[2,327 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Stem Cell''' partially differentiated or undifferentiated cells in multicellular organisms that can differentiate into various types of cells. During the blastocyst stage of embryonic development in mammals, around days 5–14, roughly 50–150 cells make up the inner cell mass, eventually differentiating into all body cell types. However, cultured and isolated in vitro, they can be kept in the stem-cell stage as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In mammals, adult stem...")
06:38, 2 November 2023 ‎Spermophilus (hist | edit) ‎[2,257 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Spermophilus''' is the most diverse and rich genus of ground squirrels. In 1825, the naming of the genus Spermophilus was given by Georges Cuvier, a French naturalist, and zoologist. They are widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America. Spermophilus comprises a variety of habitats, including tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests; hot and cold deserts; prairies and steppes; grasslands and meadows. Being a social animals, habitually, they live in commu...")
06:35, 2 November 2023 ‎Speed Breeding (hist | edit) ‎[2,283 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Speed Breeding''' is a plant breeding method that allows plant breeders to accelerate the breeding process by controlling temperature, photoperiod, intensity, and kinds of light for crop improvement. It is a combination of techniques that involves the manipulation of environmental conditions such as manipulation of the photoperiod and intensity of light, regulation of the temperature regime, regulation of soil moisture, modification of the levels of carbon dioxide, u...")
06:33, 2 November 2023 ‎Sheep (hist | edit) ‎[2,020 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Sheep''' there are 3.607 million indigenous sheep in Bangladesh and these animals rank third among ruminant species, and are reared solely for meat consumption. Native sheep are very efficient users of low-quality roughages, well adapted to hot-humid agro-climatic conditions, capable of bi-annual lambing with multiple births, and tolerant to various common diseases prevalent in Bangladesh. There are three types of indigenous sheep in Bangladesh, namely Jamuna Basin,...")
06:31, 2 November 2023 ‎Serotype (hist | edit) ‎[1,616 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Serotype''' a serotype is a closely related single species of microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria or a group of similar immune cells whose antigens are identical on the surface and can be used to isolate or type them. Therefore serotype is the separation of microorganisms with different surface antigens from the same species. For example, salmonella bacteria may look different under a microscope but may be divided into different serotypes based on the presence...")
06:27, 2 November 2023 ‎Seraj, Toufiq M (hist | edit) ‎[4,528 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Seraj, Toufiq M''' (1956-2019) a visionary urban planner and business personality. He was responsible for changing the real estate industry and urban life of Dhaka City for the better. right|thumbnail|200px|Toufiq M Seraj Toufiq M Seraj was born in 1956 to Md. Seraj Uddin, Director General of Bangladesh River Research Institute, and Fatema Khatun, Professor of Dhaka Medical College. Seraj completed his education at the Bangladesh Universit...")
06:14, 2 November 2023 ‎Rumen (hist | edit) ‎[2,201 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Rumen''' the rumen is the first and the largest chamber of the four-chambered stomach system of ruminant animals. The ruminants can consume and digest fibrous feeds and non-fibrous ones. Most importantly, they can regurgitate (bringing back from the rumen) the ingested meals for chewing during rest time, called rumination. The rumen is the chamber where the ingested feeds enter first. It can hold 25 gallons or more of materials, depending on the animal's size. The r...")
06:12, 2 November 2023 ‎Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (hist | edit) ‎[76 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction''' see rt-pcr.")
06:10, 2 November 2023 ‎RT-PCR (hist | edit) ‎[1,480 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''RT-PCR''' reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is highly specific and sensitive molecular method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material. This technique combines reverse transcription that produces cDNA (complementary DNA) from messenger RNA and amplifying specific DNA targets by specific primers using a conventional thermo-cycler reaction also called PCR. This is the most sensitive and gold standard technique, which primarily appl...")
05:42, 2 November 2023 ‎Ranikhet Disease (hist | edit) ‎[2,416 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Ranikhet Disease''' is an acute infectious disease of poultry that is very contagious. First identified in New Castle of England and was known as New Castle disease. It is a viral disease. Generally, chicks are very susceptible to this disease compared to adult chickens. Besides Chicken, Turkey, Quail, Pigeon, Guinea Fowl, Crow, Parrot, etc., are also affected by this disease. The birds are affected by this disease round the year, but the severity of the infection of...")
05:40, 2 November 2023 ‎Prokaryote (hist | edit) ‎[1,785 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Prokaryote''' are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Most of them are small, single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure. A plasma membrane surrounds the prokaryotic cells, however, within the cytoplasm, there are no internal membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are distinct from eukaryotes in the sense that they have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles. There are two distinct classes of prokaryotes: bacteria and...")
05:37, 2 November 2023 ‎Probiotic (hist | edit) ‎[2,141 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Probiotic''' Nutrition cannot be complete without adequate focus on the efficient application of beneficial prebiotics and probiotics. Some microorganisms are inherent in the environment, in the human body. Only in the last few decades have we started to Better Understand their role in the human body. Consumers, manufacturers, and medical personnel are increasingly concerned about the roles of microflora on individual wellbeing. We focus on a better understanding of...")
05:30, 2 November 2023 ‎Precision Agriculture (hist | edit) ‎[2,151 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Precision Agriculture''' refers to a farming management strategy based on observing, measuring, and responding to seasonal, spatial, and inter-field variability to improve agricultural productivity. Sometimes, it is called precision farming, satellite agriculture, and site-specific management. In this regard, information technology (IT) ensures optimum health and productivity of crops and soil, sustainable profitability, and protection of the environment. Agricultura...")
05:27, 2 November 2023 ‎Prebiotic (hist | edit) ‎[1,346 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Prebiotic''' a food having compounds that can stimulate the growth or activity of advantageous microorganisms is known as prebiotics. Gut microbiome growth and variation are dependent on the prebiotics. In other words, prebiotics' ruffages and natural sugars accelerate the gut's beneficial bacteria. Prebiotics can modify the composition of the microbiome in the gastrointestinal system, which is the most typical example. Whole grains, garlic, onions, soybeans, greens,...")
05:26, 2 November 2023 ‎Polymer (hist | edit) ‎[2,977 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Polymer''' are natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules consisting of long chains or networks of smaller molecules or monomers. Sometimes, the words polymer and macromolecule are used interchangeably. The number of monomer units is undefined in polymers, and with a high number of monomers, polymers are often called high polymers. The long-chain nature of polymers is responsible for their characteristic property and makes...")
05:21, 2 November 2023 ‎Plastic Pollution (hist | edit) ‎[2,518 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Plastic Pollution''' refers to releasing non-biodegradable substances, derivatives, particles, or plastic-related materials into the environment. It harms soil, water, atmosphere, wildlife, biodiversity, and human health long-term. These persistent plastic wastes can persist in the environment for 400 to 1,000 years. Over 450 million tons of plastic waste is added to the environment each year. Plastic pollution is widespread, including Mount Everest's peak and the oc...")
08:02, 30 October 2023 ‎BLAST (hist | edit) ‎[1,574 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''BLAST''' is a "basic local alignment search tool," an algorithm used to compare primary biological sequences, such as the nucleotides of DNA or RNA sequences or amino-acid of protein. A BLAST search allows a scientist to compare the protein or nucleotide sequences with a database of sequences and detect database sequences similar to the query sequence. BLAST is a family of programs. These comprise: (i) Nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST (blast n): DNA sequences are submitt...")
10:13, 29 October 2023 ‎Phocomelia (hist | edit) ‎[2,047 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Phocomelia''' the word ‘phocomelia’ derives from the Greek word phoco, which means ‘seal’ and melia which means ‘limb’ and it refers to the similarity of the patients’ limb shape to the flippers on a seal. Phocomelia syndrome is a rare congenital disability that, in most cases, is characterized by a severe deformity of the limbs. Generally, people with this disorder, have bones with affected limbs that are either absentor poorly developed. In extreme in...")
09:36, 29 October 2023 ‎Pheromone (hist | edit) ‎[1,957 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Pheromone''' a pheromone is a chemical released by an organism and serves as a behavior-modifying agent. The term pheromone came from the Ancient Greek (Phero), meaning 'to bear', and (hormone), meaning 'stimulating'. It means it can change the behavior of members of the same species when the next one can detect them. In the general sense, a pheromone is a regulatory substance that incites its target to respond or act. In humans and other animals, hormones are produc...")
09:32, 29 October 2023 ‎Parturition (hist | edit) ‎[2,186 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Parturition''' can be defined as an act or process of giving birth to a child. Parturition encompasses a complex series of physiological actions that necessitate the fetus to rotate into its birth position, followed by a series of endocrine changes that end with successful delivery. The stages of parturition and their duration: There are three main stages of parturition. The first phase of parturition begins with the commencement of labor. This endures until the ce...")
09:27, 29 October 2023 ‎Parkinson’s Disease (hist | edit) ‎[2,230 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with " '''Parkinson’s Disease''' (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. A specific area ofthe brain, called substantia nigra, harbors the dopamine-producing ('dopaminergic') neurons; in PD, these neuronal cells become affected. When dopaminergic neuronal cell death occurs or becomes damaged, they produce less amount of dopamine; as a result, it causes movement problems in PD patients. The researchers still do not know the dopamine-producing cells death causing factors. Lewy b...")
09:25, 29 October 2023 ‎Paresis (hist | edit) ‎[1,540 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Paresis''' is a condition where the muscles in an area of the body become weaker and challenging to move voluntarily. Although paresis affects our muscles, it usually occurs due to nerve damage. Paresis is one of the upper motor neuron syndrome symptoms, which is developed due to a graded weakness of movement that differs from the complete loss of muscle activity caused by paralysis (eg, plegia). It is usually developed by various diseases and injuries that lead to m...")
09:24, 29 October 2023 ‎Parasite (hist | edit) ‎[2,439 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Parasite''' the parasite is a unique organism that lives in or on another species. The animal they depend upon is called ‘host’. Parasites benefit from the host by the shelter, locomotion, nutrients, etc. The most common parasite people encounter is an ectoparasite known as head lice (''Pediculus humanus''). Common endoparasites among children are pinworms (''Enterobius vermicularis''), large roundworms (''Ascaris lumbricoides''), etc. Parasitism is a common phen...")
09:21, 29 October 2023 ‎Osteoarthritis (hist | edit) ‎[2,185 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Osteoarthritis''' is a widespread kind of rheumatic disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is also called as ‘osteoarthrosis’ since it is an abnormal condition of the synovial joints. Common symptoms include chronic joint pain, stiffness, swelling and tenderness, which can be worsen over time and may cause depression and sleep disturbances. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the progressive loss of articular cartilage, gradual degradation, an...")
09:11, 29 October 2023 ‎Non-communicable Diseases (hist | edit) ‎[1,511 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Non-communicable Diseases''' Chronic diseased conditions which do not result from an acute infectious process and are not transmitted from one individual to another are called Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Usually, NCDs have a prolonged course and cannot resolve spontaneously. The etiology of NCDs is very complex; a combination of physiological, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors are involved. Major NCDs are cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases,...")
14:15, 20 October 2023 ‎Photosynthesis (hist | edit) ‎[2,012 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Photosynthesis''' the word photosynthesis is a combination of two Greek words, photos (meaning: light; here sunlight) and synthesis (meaning: synthesis, or making). Analyzing the word photosynthesis again, it is seen that the word light means - the presence of sunlight, and the word synthesis means - something is produced. In a word, photosynthesis means chemical synthesis in the presence of sunlight. Photosynthesis is the biochemical process by which green plant cel...")
14:12, 20 October 2023 ‎Phytoremediation (hist | edit) ‎[3,068 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Phytoremediation''' Heavy metals, one of the contaminant groups considered to be most noxious, enter the environmental segments through natural as well as anthropogenic activities and are then primarily accumulated in soils and water bodies. Soils act as a sink, where the metals are sequestered in different fractions, and some of these sequester fractions become stable and difficult to remove from the soil. However, some fractions are present in labile form and can b...")
14:09, 20 October 2023 ‎Plant Probiotics (hist | edit) ‎[2,585 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Plant Probiotics''' beneficial microorganisms that live in plants. These microorganisms live in different parts of the plant and even inside the cell membrane and tissues and help the plant to grow, develop and cope with various biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacteria, fungi, archaea, etc., are notable among these microorganisms. Plant probiotics enhance plant growth, health, and overall productivity. Plant probiotics stimulate plant growth through several mechanisms....")
14:07, 20 October 2023 ‎Next Generation Sequencing (hist | edit) ‎[2,583 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Next Generation Sequencing''' (NGS) or high-throughput sequencing technique, has revolutionized genomics by enabling efficient and cost-effective sequencing of large quantities of genetic material. Unlike the traditional Sanger sequencing method that was commonly used before NGS, next-generation sequencing allows for the simultaneous sequencing of multiple DNA or RNA fragments in a massively parallel manner, generating substantial amounts of sequencing data within a s...")
14:02, 20 October 2023 ‎Neurological Disorders (hist | edit) ‎[2,100 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Neurological Disorders''' are pathologically well-defined as circumstances that harm the brain and the spinal cord, cumulatively called the central nervous system. The structural, electrical signals or biochemical aberrations in the brain, spinal cord, or other nerves can influence the outcome in symptoms. Examples of symptoms include muscle weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, pain, seizures, loss of sensation, confusion, and changed levels of awareness. World...")
13:59, 20 October 2023 ‎National Institute of Biotechnology (hist | edit) ‎[1,984 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''National Institute of Biotechnology''' (NIB) is the only national research institute on biotechnology under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. This institution is located very close to Dhaka at Ganakbari in Savar. NIB is conducting various research activities in biotechnology through 7 research departments, namely - Animal, Fisheries, Plants, Molecular, Microbial, Environmental Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics....")
13:52, 20 October 2023 ‎Nano-biotechnology (hist | edit) ‎[2,345 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Nano-biotechnology''' bn:ন্যানোবায়োটেকনোলজি")
14:13, 15 October 2023 ‎Delegation of Financial Powers (hist | edit) ‎[171 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Delegation of Financial Powers''' see financial powers, delegation of.")
03:59, 15 October 2023 ‎Ahmad, Mozaffar1 (hist | edit) ‎[6,673 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Ahmed, Mohiuddin<sup>1</sup>''' (1944–2021) journalist, writer, editor, publisher, and founder of Bangladesh’s leading publishing house, The university press limited (UPL). The approach and thoughtfulness he has brought to the selection and presentation of books are not only unique in the publishing industry at the national level but also measurable by global standards. Image:AhmedMohiuddin2.jpg|right|thumbnail|200px|Mohiuddin...")
16:12, 14 October 2023 ‎Multiple Sclerosis (hist | edit) ‎[2,244 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Multiple Sclerosis''' (MS) is a potentially inactivating brain andspinal cordsickness collectively called the central nervous system. In MS, the body's self-immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath membrane that wraps the nerve fibers, causing signaling problems between the brain and other body parts. It's considered an autoimmune disease. Ultimately, this disease's consequences are permanent damage or deterioration of the nerves. Once the defensive myelin...")
16:10, 14 October 2023 ‎Microbiome (hist | edit) ‎[1,783 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Microbiome''' our body harbors both helpful and potentially harmful microbes. The entire collection of microorganisms living in and on all vertebrates or inhabiting a specific niche is referred to as the microbiota. Humans contain 10 times higher numbers of microbes than their cells. The human microbiota consists of 10–100 trillion symbiotic microbes, and most are found in the gut. The genomes present in microbiota are known as microbiomes which are more complex th...")
16:08, 14 October 2023 ‎Metagenomics (hist | edit) ‎[2,533 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Metagenomics''' is an advanced genomics that studies the nucleotide sequences in the mixed DNA or RNA molecules extracted from the cells of various organisms in environmental samples, their identification, interactions between organisms, etc. It is a modern way of studying the diversity of microorganisms present in an ecosystem, their abundance, gene expression, detection of pathogens, detection of various non-pathogenic diseases including cancer, new gene discovery,...")
16:00, 14 October 2023 ‎Meningitis (hist | edit) ‎[2,005 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Meningitis''' inflammation is called Meningitis. Three membranes: Dura mater, the furthest layer; Arachnoid mater, the center layer; and Pia mater, the deepest layer, i.e., closest to the brain and spinal cord that cover the spinal cord and brain are the meninges. The meninges ensure the protection of the spinal cord by covering it and holding the protective cerebrospinal fluid, generally recognized as the spinal fluid. This liquid secures the spine from shocks and o...")
15:32, 14 October 2023 ‎Itching (hist | edit) ‎[2,221 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Itching''' An uncomfortable irritation sensation produced on the skin surface probably makes one rub it with nails. Itchiness can be generalized (all over the body) or localized to a small region or spot. Itches can occur with or without skin lesions, bumps, blisters, rash, redness, etc. Mild, short-lived itching is common, but the problem can occasionally be severe and frustrating. In case of severe itching only, sometimes, we probably feel like scratching it. Howev...")
15:19, 14 October 2023 ‎Insulin (hist | edit) ‎[1,596 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Insuli''' is a pancreatic hormone produced by islets of Langerhans of beta cells in the pancreas. It is synthesized as preproinsulin, which is processed into proinsulin, a 74 amino acids polypeptide. Proinsulin is modified in the endoplasmic reticulum of beta cells. It is cleaved at two places producing active insulin hormone composed of two polypeptide chains (chain A= 21 amino acids and chain B=30 amino acids) joined together by disulfide bonds and an intervening b...")
15:11, 14 October 2023 ‎Insect Pests of Maize (hist | edit) ‎[2,380 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Insect Pests of Maize''' the insects which cause infestation and damage to maize plants in the field of Bangladesh are fall armyworm (''Spodoptera frugiperda''), aphid (''Rhopalosiphum maidis''), shoot fly (''Atherigona orientalis''), cutworm (''Agrotis ipsilon''), common cutworm (''Spodoptera litura''), climbing cutworm (Mythimna separate), stem borer (Chilo partellus), pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens), European corn borer (''Ostrinia nubilalis''), earworm (''Heli...")
15:08, 14 October 2023 ‎Inoculum (hist | edit) ‎[1,660 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Inoculum''' any substance which is used to inoculate is known as inoculum. The term inoculates, first introduced in English in the 15th century, was referred to as implanting a bud into another plant. The main objective of inoculum is to obtain an optimum level of viable biomass or a substance to be injected in a proper physiological condition suitable for inoculation into cell culture, tissue culture, media, and fermenters. In laboratory microbiology, the inoculum i...")
15:06, 14 October 2023 ‎Inhaler (hist | edit) ‎[1,611 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Inhaler''' (also known as a puffer) a medical device used to deliver and absorb medicinesinto the lungs through a person's breathing for the targeted medical treatment, eg, inchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, as well as a quick action bypassing slow absorption in oral drug intake. Inhaled medications like salmeterol, corticosteroids, etc., improve symptoms and lung function. The most widespread type of inhaler is the pressurized metered-dose i...")
15:01, 14 October 2023 ‎Indigenous Knowledge of Coastal Fishing Communities (hist | edit) ‎[2,726 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Indigenous Knowledge of Coastal Fishing Communities''' the dynamic nature of the Bay of Bengal’ ecological system and its exceedingly rich aquatic resources provide the right setting for the generation and sustenance of small-scale fishers’ specialized Indigenous Knowledge (IK) system. Nurtured within the socially-embedded local institution and belief system, fishers’ IK is a fluid mix of empirical knowledge developed through decades of active experimentations...")
14:49, 14 October 2023 ‎Dhaka Elevated Expressway (hist | edit) ‎[2,158 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Dhaka Elevated Expressway''' also called freeway or motorway, is a major arterial divided superhighway having at least two lanes with a breakdown lane or hard shoulder in each direction having controlled exit and entry and no level crossing. An expressway is constructed by adopting advanced geometric design eliminating all hazards and inconveniences of fast driving. The expressways are usually constructed between two important locations for smooth driving at high spe...")
14:42, 14 October 2023 ‎Germination (hist | edit) ‎[2,083 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Germination''' is a process of growth of a plant species from its seed. A classic example of this can be the sprouting of a seedling from an angiosperm or gymnosperm seed. Seed germination process generally involves three major phases. In the first stage, the seed coat gets swollen and softened following the rapid water absorption of seed. As a result, the seed activates its internal physiology, begins its respiration process, breaks down the stored food in metabolis...")
14:38, 14 October 2023 ‎Gestation (hist | edit) ‎[1,772 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Gestation''' is termed as the period of intrauterine embryonic and fetal development. The duration of gestation is calculated as the interval from fertile service to parturition and is genetically determined among the mammalian species. The gestation length varies from species to species. For example, the gestation period is approximately 270-290 days in cattle, 145-155 days in goats and sheep, and 305-320 days in buffalo. Moreover, gestation length has a positive co...")
14:36, 14 October 2023 ‎Halophile (hist | edit) ‎[1,887 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Halophile''' the halophile comes from a Greek word for 'salt-loving' The organisms that can grow in saline conditions are halophiles, and they can live in high salinity, more than in the sea. Halophiles can be found in hypersaline habitats, extensively disseminated in diverse ecological areas such as saline soils, salt marshes, salt pans, or saline lakes. Halophiles are located in the domain archaea with some eukaryotic species, namely, ''Dunaliella salina'' (alga);...")
14:20, 14 October 2023 ‎Health Hazard (hist | edit) ‎[2,380 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Health Hazard''' is a potential source of harm, and the hazard that would affect the health of exposed individuals with chronic or acute illness is called a health hazard. Health hazards can be physical, chemical, or biological factors that do not usually result in immediate fatal consequences but may cause measurable (ie, pulmonary function) or non-measurable (ie, feelings) signs and symptoms in the exposed person. Along with these three categories nowadays, there a...")
14:18, 14 October 2023 ‎Hemophilia (hist | edit) ‎[1,947 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Hemophilia''' is an inborn disorder in which blood is in short supply of sufficient blood-clotting proteins, also known as clotting factors, and doesn’t coagulate normally. A person with hemophilia may bleed for longer period even after minor cuts, injuries, or following vaccination. Severe deficiency of the clotting proteins in plasma can give rise to serious bleeding in various parts of the body, especially in the knees, ankles, or the brain. These clots arising...")
14:16, 14 October 2023 ‎Heparin (hist | edit) ‎[2,154 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Heparin''' is a naturally occurring complex glycosaminoglycan composed of polymers of several carbohydrates including D-glucuronic acid, L-iduronic acid and D-glucosamine, in which the amino groups and some of the hydroxyl groups are sulfated. It has a very high density of negative charge. Heparin is a natural anticoagulant that is produced by the liver, lungs, and other tissues. As a medication, heparin is used as a blood thinner that is injected into muscle or a ve...")
14:15, 14 October 2023 ‎Hormone (hist | edit) ‎[2,272 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Hormone''' the hormone is a type of signaling molecule known as a chemical messenger. As the name suggests, the hormones act as a messenger by transporting a signal from the site of their secretion to the distant target organs to exert their biological functions. Hormones are essential system components and are required for the correct development of multicellular organisms (animals, plants, and fungi). Hormones could be classified into subgroups based on their invol...")
14:13, 14 October 2023 ‎Huntington's Disease (hist | edit) ‎[1,731 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Huntington's Disease''' (HD) is a neurological disorder. It is such a situation that gradually, a part of the brain becomes nonfunctional and is usually fatal after up to 20 years. It is a genetic disease where the defect is passed on from a person's parents. These diseased people typically die within 15 to 20 years of their initial diagnosis. In chromosome 4, a part of DNA is repeated multiple times than it is supposed to, causing HD, and this DNA repeat is called a...")
14:12, 14 October 2023 ‎Hypersensitivity (hist | edit) ‎[2,219 bytes] ‎Mukbil (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Hypersensitivity''' is an exaggerated or inappropriate reaction produced by the normal immune response against an innocuous or harmless environmental substance called allergen. It is an over-reaction of the immune system, and the outcome may be undesirable. There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions, of which the first three are antibody-mediated reactions, and the fourth type is due to antigen-sensitized 'T cells'. Type I or immediate hypersensitivity is ch...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 ‎Germ Cell (hist | edit) ‎[1,237 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Germ Cell''' the term 'germ' has derived from the Latin word 'germen' which means seed or sprout. The central component of animal reproduction is the germ cell.. These cells are responsible for making connectivity between generations by passing down the information from one generation to another. Nussbaum-Weismann first provided the concept of germ cells. These cells serve as the means by which the genome and cytoplasmic components are passed to the progeny, mostly t...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 ‎Genotoxic Carcinogen (hist | edit) ‎[2,740 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Genotoxic Carcinogen''' act directly on DNA to cause cancer, such as chemical carcinogens, eg, Benzo[a]pyrane of cigarette smoke, physical carcinogens, eg, UV radiation, and biological carcinogens, eg, EBV/HPV. Cancer development is a multi-step process involving initiation, promotion, and progression. The initiator or in vivo metabolites, eg, Benzo[a]pyrane, cause irreversible mutation to DNA that becomes susceptible to promoter action for being transformed into c...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 ‎Genome Editing (hist | edit) ‎[2,195 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Genome Editing''' the term 'genome' refers to the entire genetic material of an organism or species. An organism's genome contains all the genetic information of that organism. Generally, an organism's genome is the sum of all the cell's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules. For RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses, the genome is the entire RNA molecules of that virus. By making specific changes in any part of the genome sequence of a particular organism, desired charac...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 ‎Genome (hist | edit) ‎[1,577 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Genome''' the entire genetic information of a living organism is called its genome.All of the hereditary information that is required for the creation and maintenance of life and reproduction are contained within a genome. In humans, a complete copy of the genome is present in the majority of the cells of the body. The genome consists of both the coding and the noncoding DNA, along with chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA. The human genome includes both nuclear and...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 ‎Genetically Modified Organism (hist | edit) ‎[2,212 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Genetically Modified Organism''' (GMO) a gene codes for a functional protein such as an enzyme which can then produce a metabolite like a glucose molecule. Metabolites, in turn, are responsible for cell function. Many cells together make an organ, and many organs constitute a living organism. Due to variation in the string of nucleotides (made up of sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate) that make up a gene, its efficacy in producing the relevant protein may be low...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 ‎Genetic Disease (hist | edit) ‎[1,780 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Genetic Disease''' a genetic disease is a health condition caused by an abnormality in the genome. The genome is the total collection of genetic material which is organized inside the nucleus of a cell as microscopic assemblies known as chromosomes. The human genome consists of approximately 25,000 genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that influences a particular biological function and is passed down from parent to offspring. Genetic disease is caused by a change or mu...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Functional Food (hist | edit) ‎[1,765 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Functional Food''' are everyday foods that offer us additional support for one or more organs in both healthy and pathological conditions. Functional foods offer active bioactive compound(s) in addition to their regular nutritional content, and those bioactive compound(s) exhibit additional positive health effects. Functional foods are becoming progressively well-liked over the globe these days. People who live in developed nations include functional foods in their e...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Foot and Mouth Disease (hist | edit) ‎[2,398 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Foot and Mouth Disease''' (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of all cloven-footed animals, primarily cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep, deer and pigs. This is also called Khurarog, Khurachol and Batna in Bangladesh. The leading cause of FMD is an RNA virus called Apthovirus under Picornaviridae family. There are seven distinct serotypes (A, O, C, Asia-1, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3) and 62 sub-types of the virus. The reported serotypes in Bangladesh are A, O, C, Asia-1...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Food Toxicology (hist | edit) ‎[1,943 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Food Toxicology''' deals with the toxic effects of natural and synthetic poisons and toxicants present in diverse foods and food products. Food toxicology is an important branch of food chemistry, and this area of science is gaining importance as the food supply chain is taking a multidimensional and multinational approach. So any level of contamination or intoxication will have widespread adverse health effects. Food toxicology deals with the toxic effects of food o...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Flyover (hist | edit) ‎[2,481 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "right|thumbnail|400px|A section of Mayor Mohammed Hanif Flyover '''Flyover''' a flyover or overpass is a bridge that carries an elevated roadway or railway line over another roadway or railway line, including or excluding supplementary roads to communicate between the two. When two roads cross on the same level, both are closed and opened in turns by signal, and the traffic movement at the crossing point becomes half. This system causes delays and...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Fertilization (hist | edit) ‎[1,937 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Fertilization''' is the union of two haploid gametes, sperm, and ovum, to restore a diploid individual in the form of the zygote. The male and female gametes are produced from the founder or germ cells of the testis and ovary through a process called spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females. The spermatogenesis process starts after the onset of puberty due to the influence of the male sex hormone testosterone, which produces millions of sperm in a continuous...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Fertility (hist | edit) ‎[1,962 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Fertility''' is the natural capability to produce offspring through regular sexual activity following the onset of puberty. Fertility is one of the main factors affecting the reproductive efficiency directly involved with the profit-loss equation of any farm, and herd fertility is the sole indicator of good or bad reproductive management practice. Fertility is directly associated not only with the female health condition but also equally important for contribution of...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Fermentation (hist | edit) ‎[2,249 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Fermentation''' is a metabolic process carried out by microorganisms that produce chemical alterations in organic matter due to the action of enzymes. The word 'ferment' comes from the Latin word 'fervere', which means 'to boil'. Ironically, fermentation is possible without heat, and the science of fermentation is known as zymology. Fermentation is a natural process that usually takes place in anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) and in the presence of beneficial mic...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Environmental Pollution (hist | edit) ‎[1,697 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Environmental Pollution''' can be defined as any unwanted change in chemical,physical, or biological features of any component of the environment, ie, water, air, or soil, which can cause damaging effects on several forms of living systems. Water pollution is caused by natural or human activities and makes water unusable. The polluted water cannot be used for drinking, domestic activities, irrigation of crops, or industrial purposes. The major causes of water polluti...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Embryo (hist | edit) ‎[2,086 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Embryo''' is the early developmental stage of all multicellular organisms. In general, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization. The fertilized egg undergoes a series of cellular divisions known as cleavage without increasing cell mass up until 6 or 7 days and moving downward gradually in the fallopian tube. Only nuclear material (chromatin) is synthesized between divisions at the expense of the cytoplasmic substance of...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Elevated Expressway (hist | edit) ‎[0 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Ecology (hist | edit) ‎[1,204 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Ecology''' is the study of the relationship between organisms with the surrounding environment. It is a branch of biological science. German Biologist Earnest Haeckle coined the term Ecology in 1906 from two Greek words Oikos means house logos means study. It is a science that investigates organisms concerning the environment. Moreover, it is the study of the structure and functions of nature. It has excellent practical implications on environmental interaction among...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Ecological Chemistry (hist | edit) ‎[3,091 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Ecological Chemistry''' a research discipline that deals with understanding complex interactions between or among different organisms in a given ecosystem via chemical signals. Ecological chemistry is evolved by cross-fertilizing two diverse disciplines: ecology and biochemistry. It is the study of chemicals involved in the interactions of living organisms. Ecological chemistry is everywhere. Chemically-mediated interactions between organisms are pervasive at all lev...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Earthworm (hist | edit) ‎[1,631 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Earthworm''' are typical annelids, ie, true segmented coelomate invertebrate worms that live in moist soil environments under three broad habitats, epigeic (litter dwelling), endogeic (soil-dwelling), and anecic (deep burrowing). They are nocturnal, and thus people cannot see them during day time. The naming of earthworms is due to their common occurrences in unpolluted cultivated lands where piles of fecal casting can be seen at the mouth of a tunnel they live in. T...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Dodhi (hist | edit) ‎[2,632 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Dodhi''' or Doi is a kind of fermented food that originated from milk. Milk is converted into Dodhi due to the fermentation of lactose, the carbohydrate present in milk, by some special types of bacteria. Doi can be made by coagulating milk by adding starter culture at 2-3% to lukewarm milk and keeping it at 37-42°C temperature for 4-12 hours. In general, dodhi made before 2-3 days is considered a starter culture rich in beneficial bacteria. The carbohydrate in milk...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎DNA Fingerprinting (hist | edit) ‎[2,041 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''DNA Fingerprinting''' are a scientific way to identify a person based on the information contained in a DNA molecule. It uses advanced molecular techniques to identify or establish a link between two individuals by analyzing micro satellite sequences. Like the potential fingerprints at our fingertips, each individual has a unique DNA fingerprint. Traditional fingerprints can be modified by plastic surgery, but DNA is present in almost every cell of the human body and...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎DNA (hist | edit) ‎[2,114 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''DNA''' Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary unit in humans and the majority of living organisms. All living things contain DNA within their cells that hold the genetic instructions. In eukaryotes, most of the cellular DNA is located within a membrane-bound structure called the nucleus (which is referred to as nuclear DNA), but the mitochondria may also contain a small amount of DNA (which is referred to as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). In contrast, in prokary...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Disease Outbreak (hist | edit) ‎[1,655 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Disease Outbreak''' a sudden rise in the number of cases of a disease over normal expectancy in a geographical location or season, ie, above the baseline or endemic level of the disease. It may involve a small and localized community or impact thousands of people across continents. The occurrences of disease cases depend on the disease-causing agent and the size, existing, and previous exposure to the agents. Several outbreak patterns can help identify the transmissi...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Diphtheria Toxin (hist | edit) ‎[1,874 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Diphtheria Toxin''' a potentially lethal infection mainly caused by toxigenic ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae'' strains. A similar illness could be produced occasionally by ''Corynebacterium ulcerans'' and rarely by ''Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis'' strains. In general, the bacterium ''C. diphtheriae'' was found only in the upper respiratory tract of cattle, horses, and men. The first diphtheria epidemic occurred in Spain in 1613, and Pierre Bretonneau named the d...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Dentifrice (hist | edit) ‎[1,912 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Dentifrice''' is a powder, paste, or liquid, used along with a toothbrush to remove dental stains and food debris, minimize the plaque build-up, strengthen teeth against caries, alleviate sensitivity, and introduce a fresh, pleasantness and clean feeling. Tooth powder was historically used as a dentifrice among the Romans. They made tooth powder from various substances, such as the bones and horns of animals; crabs; oyster shells; and eggshells, sometimes after being...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Decontamination (hist | edit) ‎[1,813 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Decontamination''' is a process of elimination or destruction of contaminants or pollutants or harmful agents, or hazardous materials present in or on an object or area. Contaminants can be toxins, poisons, chemicals, radioactive substances, and microbes or infectious components. Decontamination processes make equipment, devices, foodstuff, and the environment safe to protect us and our surroundings. Cleaning (physical removal of contaminants including dust, soil, an...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Cow Dung (hist | edit) ‎[1,297 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Cow Dung''' is the waste product (faces) of bovine animal species. These species include cattle, buffalo, bison, yak, and water buffalo. The undigested residue of feeds is passed through the animals' digestive systems. Cow dung, usually a dark brown, is often used as excellent manure (agricultural fertilizer). Cow dung compost is a fertilizer produced by rotting cow dung and waste in an anaerobic or aerobic way in the ground. Cow dung harbors a diverse group of micro...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Coronavirus (hist | edit) ‎[2,123 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Coronavirus''' are zootonic viruses that are enveloped and have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Alpha, beta, gamma, and delta are the four genera of coronaviruses. The most pathogenic forms that have been found in their natural habitats, bats, are the alpha and beta forms. Besides, palm civets and camels are believed to have acted as the intermediate for transmitting SARS to humans. Out of the seven coronaviruses, the highly pathogenic and contagious Severe Acut...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Climate Change (hist | edit) ‎[1,788 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Climate Change''' is the record of change in weather patterns over a long period, often over several years. Therefore climate change will typically refer to seasonal weather patterns and rainfall over several years. Climate change can indicate the average local pattern of the weather or that of the earth compared to a few years ago. Compared to pre-industrial levels, the average global temperature has increased by about 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. This...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 ‎Chicken (hist | edit) ‎[1,791 bytes] ‎Nasirkhan (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Chicken''' the chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red jungle fowl originally from Southeastern Asia and belongs to the genus Gallus of the family Phasianidae. A rooster or cock is an adult male chicken with coarse skin, toughened and darkened meat, and hardened breastbone tip, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. A male that has been castrated is a capon. An adult female bird is called a hen, and a sexually immature fem...")