Microbiome

Microbiome our body harbors both helpful and potentially harmful microbes. The entire collection of microorganisms living in and on all vertebrates or inhabiting a specific niche is referred to as the microbiota. Humans contain 10 times higher numbers of microbes than their cells. The human microbiota consists of 10–100 trillion symbiotic microbes, and most are found in the gut. The genomes present in microbiota are known as microbiomes which are more complex than the human genome.The human microbiome is important for development, immunity, and nutrition. Microbiomes assist indigestion, regulation of immune system, protection against pathogenic bacteria, and produce vitamins B12, thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin K.

Infectious disease susceptibility and chronic gastrointestinal diseases like Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome may be influenced by the microbiome. Even the existence of a microbial ecosystem affects how an individual reacts to pharmacological therapy. The children's health may also be affected by the nature of the mother's microbiota. Furthermore, lean and obese twins have a different gut microbiomes. Obese twins have a lower diversity of the microbiome and higher levels of an enzyme, indicating a higher ability to digest food and produce energy. Lower gut microbiome diversity is associated with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.A deeper comprehension of the diversity of bacteria in the human microbiome may open up possibilities for new treatments.. Keeping this in mind, worldwide research initiatives known as the 'Human Microbiome Project' are mapping human microbiomes sponsored by the National Institute of Health, United States of America. [AHM Nurun Nabi]