Bathan - Revision history

Mukbil at 15:07, 8 September 2021

2021-09-08T15:07:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 8 September 2021
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	'''Bathan''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when goala/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people's cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.		'''Bathan''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when goala/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people's cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.

	[[Image:BathanAmanulH.jpg\|thumb\|~~400px~~\|right\|Bathan at a char [''Courtesy'': Amanul Huq]]]		[[Image:BathanAmanulH.jpg\|thumb\|520px\|right\|Bathan at a char [''Courtesy'': Amanul Huq]]]
	In olden times, bathan was common to all places of Bengal wherever a rural settlement emerged. One who was unable to tend his cattle by himself or herself surrendered their cattle to a bathan establishment where it grew under the care of its custodian, bathania. With the growth of population and practice of intensive cultivation and consequent scarcity of grazing grounds, the bathan institution has been shrinking from early nineteenth century. The ''khas'' or public land was normally used as sites of bathans. But as the quantity of khas land diminished over time, the system of maintaining cattle on ''khas'' land as a mode of production also declined. Bathan, however, is still noticeable in some zones in Bangladesh, such as, ''haor'' basin, newly formed chars and offshore islands. In Sylhet, Habiganj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj, temporary bathan settlements are formed in the winter in the [[haor]] beds. The settlements are dismantled when the [[monsoon]] comes. The cattle of the haor villages where fodder is scarce or absent during monsoon is usually transported to new bathans established in the hilly areas where grasses and leaves grow in the rainy season. There are also some bathans in [[Chalan Beel\|chalan beel]] areas of Pabna and Sirajganj district. Most present milk product industries are now located near bathans or modern dairy farms. [Sirajul Islam]		In olden times, bathan was common to all places of Bengal wherever a rural settlement emerged. One who was unable to tend his cattle by himself or herself surrendered their cattle to a bathan establishment where it grew under the care of its custodian, bathania. With the growth of population and practice of intensive cultivation and consequent scarcity of grazing grounds, the bathan institution has been shrinking from early nineteenth century. The ''khas'' or public land was normally used as sites of bathans. But as the quantity of khas land diminished over time, the system of maintaining cattle on ''khas'' land as a mode of production also declined. Bathan, however, is still noticeable in some zones in Bangladesh, such as, ''haor'' basin, newly formed chars and offshore islands. In Sylhet, Habiganj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj, temporary bathan settlements are formed in the winter in the [[haor]] beds. The settlements are dismantled when the [[monsoon]] comes. The cattle of the haor villages where fodder is scarce or absent during monsoon is usually transported to new bathans established in the hilly areas where grasses and leaves grow in the rainy season. There are also some bathans in [[Chalan Beel\|chalan beel]] areas of Pabna and Sirajganj district. Most present milk product industries are now located near bathans or modern dairy farms. [Sirajul Islam]

Mukbil at 15:07, 8 September 2021

2021-09-08T15:07:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 8 September 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Bathan''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when [[goala]]/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people's cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.		'''Bathan''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when goala/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people's cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.

	[[Image:BathanAmanulH.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|right\|Bathan at a char [''Courtesy'': Amanul Huq]]]		[[Image:BathanAmanulH.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|right\|Bathan at a char [''Courtesy'': Amanul Huq]]]

Mukbil at 15:03, 8 September 2021

2021-09-08T15:03:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 8 September 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''~~B''''''a''''''th''''''a''''''n~~''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when [[goala]]/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people';s cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.		'''Bathan''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when [[goala]]/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people's cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.

			[[Image:BathanAmanulH.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|right\|Bathan at a char [''Courtesy'': Amanul Huq]]]
			In olden times, bathan was common to all places of Bengal wherever a rural settlement emerged. One who was unable to tend his cattle by himself or herself surrendered their cattle to a bathan establishment where it grew under the care of its custodian, bathania. With the growth of population and practice of intensive cultivation and consequent scarcity of grazing grounds, the bathan institution has been shrinking from early nineteenth century. The ''khas'' or public land was normally used as sites of bathans. But as the quantity of khas land diminished over time, the system of maintaining cattle on ''khas'' land as a mode of production also declined. Bathan, however, is still noticeable in some zones in Bangladesh, such as, ''haor'' basin, newly formed chars and offshore islands. In Sylhet, Habiganj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj, temporary bathan settlements are formed in the winter in the [[haor]] beds. The settlements are dismantled when the [[monsoon]] comes. The cattle of the haor villages where fodder is scarce or absent during monsoon is usually transported to new bathans established in the hilly areas where grasses and leaves grow in the rainy season. There are also some bathans in [[Chalan Beel\|chalan beel]] areas of Pabna and Sirajganj district. Most present milk product industries are now located near bathans or modern dairy farms. [Sirajul Islam]
	Bathan at a char

	~~<p align=right style="text-align:right">~~Courtesy: Amanul Huq



	In olden times, bathan was common to all places of Bengal wherever a rural settlement emerged. One who was unable to tend his cattle by himself or herself surrendered their cattle to a bathan establishment where it grew under the care of its custodian, bathania. With the growth of population and practice of intensive cultivation and consequent scarcity of grazing grounds, the bathan institution has been shrinking from early nineteenth century. The ''khas ''or public land was normally used as sites of bathans. But as the quantity of khas land diminished over time, the system of maintaining cattle on ''khas'' land as a mode of production also declined. Bathan, however, is still noticeable in some zones in Bangladesh, such as, ''haor ''basin, newly formed chars and offshore islands. In Sylhet, Habiganj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj, temporary bathan settlements are formed in the winter in the [[haor]] beds. The settlements are dismantled when the [[monsoon]] comes. The cattle of the haor villages where fodder is scarce or absent during monsoon is usually transported to new bathans established in the hilly areas where grasses and leaves grow in the rainy season. There are also some bathans in [[chalan beel]] areas of Pabna and Sirajganj district. Most present milk product industries are now located near bathans or modern dairy farms. [Sirajul Islam~~] [Islam, Sirajul Chief Editor, Banglapedia~~]

	[[Category:Agriculture]]		[[Category:Agriculture]]

	[[bn:বাথান]]		[[bn:বাথান]]

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2021-06-17T19:00:46Z

Content Updated.

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'''B''''''a''''''th''''''a''''''n''' (cattle colony) a nearly extinct agrarian institution for community herding of the [[cattle]] of the village. Literally ''bathan'', a [[prakrit]] word, means cowshed or a place where cattle is housed and maintained. The word appears in ancient and medieval texts when [[goala]]/gop or milk caste and gods and goddesses pertaining to these castes are referred to. As a legend goes, goddess [[manasa]] once landed in a bathan in guise of a stranger and sought, as a test, protection from a bathan goala. Such a legend indicates high antiquity of bathan as a mode of rural living and organisation in ancient times. Institutionally, bathan is a form of agrarian business pursued by professional ''rakhals'' or cattle minders who keep his and other people';s cattle under his care for grazing on community land. This institution flourished at a time when [[livestock]] constituted a crucial factor in rural economy and social relations. A catetory of people called rakhal or ''bathania'' used to maintain cattle of the village community in the field and in return received remuneration from the community in kind. [[crop]]s and livestock were common medium of exchange between rakhals and husbandmen.

Bathan at a char

<p align=right style="text-align:right">Courtesy: Amanul Huq

In olden times, bathan was common to all places of Bengal wherever a rural settlement emerged. One who was unable to tend his cattle by himself or herself surrendered their cattle to a bathan establishment where it grew under the care of its custodian, bathania. With the growth of population and practice of intensive cultivation and consequent scarcity of grazing grounds, the bathan institution has been shrinking from early nineteenth century. The ''khas ''or public land was normally used as sites of bathans. But as the quantity of khas land diminished over time, the system of maintaining cattle on ''khas'' land as a mode of production also declined. Bathan, however, is still noticeable in some zones in Bangladesh, such as, ''haor ''basin, newly formed chars and offshore islands. In Sylhet, Habiganj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj, temporary bathan settlements are formed in the winter in the [[haor]] beds. The settlements are dismantled when the [[monsoon]] comes. The cattle of the haor villages where fodder is scarce or absent during monsoon is usually transported to new bathans established in the hilly areas where grasses and leaves grow in the rainy season. There are also some bathans in [[chalan beel]] areas of Pabna and Sirajganj district. Most present milk product industries are now located near bathans or modern dairy farms. [Sirajul Islam] [Islam, Sirajul Chief Editor, Banglapedia]

[[Category:Agriculture]]

[[bn:বাথান]]