Mukbil at 05:49, 24 March 2026

2026-03-24T05:49:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 24 March 2026
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	\| King sits on a throne. \|\| Sufi sits on a gadi.		\| King sits on a throne. \|\| Sufi sits on a gadi.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King has kingdom. \|\| Sufi has wilayet.		\| King has kingdom. \|\| Sufi has ''wilayet''.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King has the capital. \|\| Sufi has the khanqa.		\| King has the capital. \|\| Sufi has the ''khanqa''.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King wears crown. \|\| Sufi wears taz/dastar.		\| King wears crown. \|\| Sufi wears ''taz/dastar''.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King has a court.Sufi has a darbar. \|\| King collects taxes.Sufi collects musthi/nazrana.		\| King has a court. \|\| Sufi has a ''darbar''.
			\|-
			\|King collects taxes. \|\| Sufi collects ''musthi/nazrana''.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King holds punyah at the year-end. \|\| Sufi holds Urs and collects annual nazrana.		\| King holds ''punyah'' at the year-end. \|\| Sufi holds ''Urs'' and collects annual ''nazrana''.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King punishes for violation of laws. \|\| Shah punishes for bedaat.		\| King punishes for violation of laws. \|\| Shah punishes for ''bedaat''.
	\|-		\|-
	\| King is a protector of subjects. \|\| Sufi is the murshid (spiritual guide) of muridan (followers).		\| King is a protector of subjects. \|\| Sufi is the ''murshid'' (spiritual guide) of ''muridan'' (followers).
	\|-		\|-
	\| King issues decree. \|\| Sufi issues fatwa (legal opinion).		\| King issues decree. \|\| Sufi issues ''fatwa'' (legal opinion).
	\|-		\|-
	\| King nominates a successor to throne. \|\| Sufi nominates pirzada or sheikhzada to gadi (spiritual centre).		\| King nominates a successor to throne. \|\| Sufi nominates ''pirzada'' or ''sheikhzada'' to ''gadi'' (spiritual centre).
	\|}		\|}

Mukbil at 05:45, 24 March 2026

2026-03-24T05:45:56Z

@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 The existence of a sufi and a sultan in the same geographical domain gives two parallel visions of authority. While the sultan was the sovereign of the state, the sufis wielded some parallel power and status. The following parallelism of authority between a sufi and a sultan/padsha illustrates two parallel powers in the same realm:
-The title of the sovereign is king.The title of the sufi is Shah/Shahsufi.King sits on a throne.Sufi sits on a gadi.King has kingdom.Sufi has wilayet.King has the capital.Sufi has the khanqa.King wears crown.Sufi wears taz/dastar.King has a court.Sufi has a darbar. King collects taxes.Sufi collects musthi/nazrana. King holds punyah at the year-end.Sufi holds Urs and collects annual nazrana. King punishes for violation of laws.Shah punishes for bedaat. King is a protector of subjects.Sufi is the murshid (spiritual guide) of muridan (followers).King issues decree.Sufi issues fatwa (legal opinion).King nominates a successor to throne.Sufi nominates pirzada or sheikhzada to gadi (spiritual centre).In the sultani political thought as interpreted by the sufis, the political status of the sufi was theoretically superior to the sultan, as a shah or sufi could customarily issue fatwa against the legitimacy of a new sultan. This idea was commonly shared by all the leading orders of the sufis. The sufi's superiority over the sultan is recognized by the fact that the sultans honoured the sufis by making visits (ziarat) to them in their khankas. The royal visits were rarely returned by the sufis. In sufi thought, there was no scope for giving high positions to non-Muslims in a Muslim state. Though Muslims formed a microscopic minority demographically, the sufis considered Bengal as a Muslim state simply on the ground that the rulers of the country were Muslims.'
+{| class="table table-bordered table-hover"
 But realities prompted the sultans to share power with the Hindus. While most military and judicial positions were held by the Muslims, most civil positions, especially those of the crucial revenue administration, were allotted to the Hindus. According to orthodox Hindu thought, all those who cooperated with the Muslim rule by joining in the services of the Muslim state became polluted by their contacts and associations with the yavanas (foreigners), and such polluted people got new caste titles, such as Pir-Ali, Sher-khani and Srimantakhani. They were looked down upon by the mainstream Brahmin groups and subgroups. However, through their association with the Muslim rulers, they became immensely rich and influential in society, and their social influence ushered a new trend in the socio-religious ideas and thoughts. The rise of' Gaudiya Vaishnavism' was a direct result of the Hindu-Muslim cooperation. This movement launched by [[Sri Chaitanya|sri chaitanya]] in the late fifteenth century challenged the castes, sects, rituals, sacrifices prescribed by Hindu orthodoxy. Love for human and understanding God through love alone became the theme of the new movement. Most leading followers of the new movement came from those high caste Hindus who were 'polluted' by their yavandosh. Their contact with yavanas made them unacceptable to orthodox Hindu society. Leaders of the Gaudiya Vaishnava movement were influenced by sufi thought and the greatest of them was Sri Chaitanya (1486-1533), a young radical scholar of Nabadwip. Chaitanya's core thought was unity and oneness of humankind and salvation through love for the whole humanity and all forms of Vishnu, especially Krishna. The aim of this new thought was to include all sections of society into its fold. It was presented as an alternative social ideology based on the reformed religious ideas and principles. All Hindus 'polluted' by contact with the Muslim mlechhas and ostracised by orthodox Hindu society joined the new movement. Since most of them were relatively affluent and influential due to their wealth and education and state support, the new movement could establish support bases among the depressed people very rapidly. By the end of the sixteenth century the Gaudiya Vaishnava movement reached every nook and corner of the Shah-i-Bangaliya (the royal Bengal).

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2021-06-17T19:14:37Z

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Ideas and Institutions - Revision history

Mukbil at 05:49, 24 March 2026

Mukbil at 05:45, 24 March 2026

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