Subahdar - Revision history

Mukbil at 07:10, 13 July 2021

2021-07-13T07:10:27Z

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	Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).		Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).

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	\| Subahdars \|\| Tenure		\| Subahdars \|\| Tenure
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Mukbil at 07:10, 13 July 2021

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	\|Khan-i-Khanan Munim Khan \|\| 1575		\|Khan-i-Khanan Munim Khan \|\| 1575

Mukbil at 07:09, 13 July 2021

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Mukbil at 07:08, 13 July 2021

2021-07-13T07:08:22Z

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	The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial diwan, who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[Azim-us-Shan\|azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[Murshid Quli Khan\|murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.		The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial diwan, who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[Azim-us-Shan\|azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[Murshid Quli Khan\|murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.

	<p align=~~center~~ style="text-align:left">		<p align=left style="text-align:left">
	Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).		Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).

Mukbil at 07:07, 13 July 2021

2021-07-13T07:07:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:07, 13 July 2021
Line 5:		Line 5:
	The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial diwan, who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[Azim-us-Shan\|azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[Murshid Quli Khan\|murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.		The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial diwan, who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[Azim-us-Shan\|azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[Murshid Quli Khan\|murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.

	<p align=center style="text-align:~~center~~">		<p align=center style="text-align:left">
	Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).		Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).

Mukbil at 07:03, 13 July 2021

2021-07-13T07:03:28Z

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Mukbil at 06:49, 13 July 2021

2021-07-13T06:49:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:49, 13 July 2021
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	'''Subahdar''' viceroy or governor of a ''~~sub''''a''''h~~'' of the Mughal empire. For governance, the Mughal empire was divided into a number of Subahs (provinces). The head of a [[subah]] was variously called: subahdar, nazim, sahib-i-subah, faujdar-i-subah etc. The governor of the ''Subah Bangala'' was called 'Subahdar';. He was also often addressed as Nazim. Like the two principal ministers at the centre, the [[diwan]] and the mir bakshi , the provincial governors were generally appointed from amongst officers holding the highest ranks or ''Mansabs''. Sometimes Mughal princes also were appointed subahdars of important provinces.		'''Subahdar''' viceroy or governor of a ''subah'' of the Mughal empire. For governance, the Mughal empire was divided into a number of Subahs (provinces). The head of a [[subah]] was variously called: subahdar, nazim, sahib-i-subah, faujdar-i-subah etc. The governor of the ''Subah Bangala'' was called 'Subahdar'. He was also often addressed as Nazim. Like the two principal ministers at the centre, the [[diwan]] and the mir bakshi , the provincial governors were generally appointed from amongst officers holding the highest ranks or ''Mansabs''. Sometimes Mughal princes also were appointed subahdars of important provinces.

	In fact, the subahdars formed the hard core of the ruling aristocracy. Normally, the most trusted members of the imperial family and the bureaucracy were appointed subahdars. Being the civil and military head of the subah, the subahdar held a very crucial post. A rebellion on the part of a subahdar was sure to have a telling effect on the imperial authority as well as on the territorial integrity of the empire. Shortly after the death of the last Mughal in 1707, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the [[nawab]]s of Oudh and Bengal (all actually subahdars) became autonomous chiefs of their respective subahs rendering the empire a ridiculous fiction.		In fact, the subahdars formed the hard core of the ruling aristocracy. Normally, the most trusted members of the imperial family and the bureaucracy were appointed subahdars. Being the civil and military head of the subah, the subahdar held a very crucial post. A rebellion on the part of a subahdar was sure to have a telling effect on the imperial authority as well as on the territorial integrity of the empire. Shortly after the death of the last Mughal in 1707, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the [[nawab]]s of Oudh and Bengal (all actually subahdars) became autonomous chiefs of their respective subahs rendering the empire a ridiculous fiction.

	The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial [[diwan]], who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.		The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial diwan, who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[Azim-us-Shan\|azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[Murshid Quli Khan\|murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.

			<p align=center style="text-align:center">Chronology of Bengal Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).

	<p align=center style="text-align:center">Chronology of Bengal~~'' ''~~Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).

	Subahdars		Subahdars
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	1766-70		1766-70



	But even then, the subahdar was the chief of the province and responsible for its defence and good governance. For political consideration, the Mughal Court did not approve of long terms for subahdars, and generally transferred or recalled them, with exceptions, after their tenures of two to three years. But compared to subahdars of other provinces, Bengal subahdars, however, had always enjoyed much longer tenures. On an average, Bengal subahdars stayed in office uninterruptedly for more than six years, whereas in other provinces the tenure was, generally, below four years.		But even then, the subahdar was the chief of the province and responsible for its defence and good governance. For political consideration, the Mughal Court did not approve of long terms for subahdars, and generally transferred or recalled them, with exceptions, after their tenures of two to three years. But compared to subahdars of other provinces, Bengal subahdars, however, had always enjoyed much longer tenures. On an average, Bengal subahdars stayed in office uninterruptedly for more than six years, whereas in other provinces the tenure was, generally, below four years.

	Between 1704 to 1717, the centre appointed several subahdars, but those appointments were more rhetorical than real, because none of the incumbents came to Bengal to assume their office. During the period, virtual ruler of the subah was Murshid Quli Khan, the founder of the ''nawabi'' regime. From Murshid Quli Khan to [[sirajuddaula]], all subahdars, who were commonly known as 'nawab'; in Bengal history, were self-proclaimed and later confirmed by the centre theoretically. [Sirajul Islam~~] [Islam, Sirajul Chief Editor, Banglapedia~~]		Between 1704 to 1717, the centre appointed several subahdars, but those appointments were more rhetorical than real, because none of the incumbents came to Bengal to assume their office. During the period, virtual ruler of the subah was Murshid Quli Khan, the founder of the ''nawabi'' regime. From Murshid Quli Khan to [[sirajuddaula]], all subahdars, who were commonly known as 'nawab' in Bengal history, were self-proclaimed and later confirmed by the centre theoretically. [Sirajul Islam]

	[[bn:সুবাহদার]]		[[bn:সুবাহদার]]

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1: Content Updated.

2021-06-17T19:36:36Z

Content Updated.

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'''Subahdar''' viceroy or governor of a ''sub''''a''''h'' of the Mughal empire. For governance, the Mughal empire was divided into a number of Subahs (provinces). The head of a [[subah]] was variously called: subahdar, nazim, sahib-i-subah, faujdar-i-subah etc. The governor of the ''Subah Bangala'' was called 'Subahdar';. He was also often addressed as Nazim. Like the two principal ministers at the centre, the [[diwan]] and the mir bakshi , the provincial governors were generally appointed from amongst officers holding the highest ranks or ''Mansabs''. Sometimes Mughal princes also were appointed subahdars of important provinces.

In fact, the subahdars formed the hard core of the ruling aristocracy. Normally, the most trusted members of the imperial family and the bureaucracy were appointed subahdars. Being the civil and military head of the subah, the subahdar held a very crucial post. A rebellion on the part of a subahdar was sure to have a telling effect on the imperial authority as well as on the territorial integrity of the empire. Shortly after the death of the last Mughal in 1707, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the [[nawab]]s of Oudh and Bengal (all actually subahdars) became autonomous chiefs of their respective subahs rendering the empire a ridiculous fiction.

The jurisdiction and powers of a subahdar were elaborately defined in the procedures of imperial administration. He was directly appointed by, and responsible to, the emperor. Constitutionally, he had no power to transgress the limits set by the emperor. In balancing his powers, the provincial [[diwan]], who was again appointed directly by the emperor, was assigned with supreme powers as regards revenue administration. As regards finance, the subahdar had no control over the ''diwan'' nor had the diwan over the subahdar as regards administration. They were mutually independent of each other. While Prince [[azim-us-shan]], the subahdar of Bengal once made an attempt to influence [[murshid quli khan]] (the diwan) to sanction him money irregularly, the diwan complained to the emperor pointing out the irregularity. The emperor censured the subahdar and appreciated the stand of the diwan. This is an instance of duality of powers in the Mughal provincial administration.

<p align=center style="text-align:center">Chronology of Bengal'' ''Subahdars (1575-1770 AD).

Subahdars

Tenure

Khan-i-Khanan Munim Khan

1575

Khan-i-Jahan Hosen Quli Beig

1576-76

Ismail Quli (Acting)

1578-79

Muzaffar Khan Turbati

1579-80

Khan-i-Azam Mirza Aziz Kokah

1583

Wazir Khan

1583

Shahbaz Khan

1583-85

Sadiq Khan

1585-86

Shahbaz Khan (2nd term)

1586

Wazir Khan

1586-87

Syed Khan

1587-94

Raja Mansingh

1594-1606

Qutubuddin Khan Kokah

1606-07

Jahangir Quli Beig

1607-08

Islam Khan Chishti

1608-13

Sheikh Hosanga (Acting)

1613-14

Qasim Khan Chishti

1614-17

Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang

1617-24

Darab Khan (when Bengal was occupied by Shahjahan)

1624-25

Mahabat Khan

1625-26

Mukarram Khan Chishti

1626-27

Fidai Khan alias Mirza Hedayetullah

1627-28

Qasim Khan Juyini

1628-32

Azam Khan Mir Muhammad Baqr

1632-35

Islam Khan Mashhadi

1635-39

Saif Khan (Acting)

1639

Prince Shah Shuja

1639-60

Mir Jumla alias Khan-i-Khanan Muazzam Khan

1660-63

Dilir Khan (Acting)

1663

Daud Khan (Acting)

1663-64

Shaista Khan

1664-78

Fidai Khan alias Azam Khan Koka

1678

Prince Muhammad Azam

1678-79

Shaista Khan (2nd term)

1680-88

Khan-i-Jahan Bahadur

1688-89

Ibrahim Khan

1689-97

Prince Azimuddin (Azim-us-Shan) mostly in absentia, Farrukh Siyar and Khan-i-Alam being the deputies in succession

1697-1712

Farkhunda Siyar (infant son of Farrukh Siyar, in absentia, Murshid Quli Khan was the deputy)

1713

Mir Jumla alias Muzaffar Jang (in absentia, Murshid Quli continued as the deputy)

1713-16

Murshid Quli Khan

1717-27

Shujauddin Muhammad Khan

1727-39

Sarfaraz Khan

1739-40

Alivardi Khan

1740-56

Sirajuddaula

1756-57

Mir Jafar Ali Khan

1757-60

Mir Qasim

1760-63

Mir Jafar Ali Khan (2nd term)

1763-65

Nazimuddaula

1765-66

Saifuddaula

1766-70

But even then, the subahdar was the chief of the province and responsible for its defence and good governance. For political consideration, the Mughal Court did not approve of long terms for subahdars, and generally transferred or recalled them, with exceptions, after their tenures of two to three years. But compared to subahdars of other provinces, Bengal subahdars, however, had always enjoyed much longer tenures. On an average, Bengal subahdars stayed in office uninterruptedly for more than six years, whereas in other provinces the tenure was, generally, below four years.

Between 1704 to 1717, the centre appointed several subahdars, but those appointments were more rhetorical than real, because none of the incumbents came to Bengal to assume their office. During the period, virtual ruler of the subah was Murshid Quli Khan, the founder of the ''nawabi'' regime. From Murshid Quli Khan to [[sirajuddaula]], all subahdars, who were commonly known as 'nawab'; in Bengal history, were self-proclaimed and later confirmed by the centre theoretically. [Sirajul Islam] [Islam, Sirajul Chief Editor, Banglapedia]

[[bn:সুবাহদার]]