Camphor

Camphor is a wax-like, combustible and transparent solid with a heavy aromatic odor. It is resembled by the formula C₁₀H₁₆O and chemically it’s a terpenoid. Camphor is found in different essential oils in both of its two enantiomeric states. The oil of camphor wood, Cinnamomumcamphora L. Sieb is the highest source of camphor and in some related varieties, notably Ocoteausambarensis Eng., it is also abundant. Besides, camphor contributes in making lavender, sage, and rosemary odorous. In Asia, Ocimumkilimandscharicum Baker ex Gurkeis used as a major contributor to camphor production. However, industrially turpentine oils can be used for its synthetic production. Camphor oil is basically extracted via steam distillation of timber. Here, the wood of camphor containing trees are cut down and the wood chips are roasted to produce vapor that undergoes subsequent condensation. For producing camphor from a tree, it should be at least half a century old. Camphor has long been known to people, and it is mentioned in the Quran and in different Arabian writings belonging to 6th century, and also in other cultures. It is used as an effective fumigant against red fire ants and also has its use as a mosquito repellent because of its alleged toxic potential. Historically, this compound has long been used as antiseptic, analgesic, antipruritic, counterirritant and rubefacient. Camphor has a strong penetrating odor, besides its application causes a sensation of heat and anesthesizing effect. Historically, these have caused tropical people to believe it as a strong and effective medicine. [Mohammad Zashim Uddin]