Inoculum

Inoculum any substance which is used to inoculate is known as inoculum. The term inoculates, first introduced in English in the 15th century, was referred to as implanting a bud into another plant. The main objective of inoculum is to obtain an optimum level of viable biomass or a substance to be injected in a proper physiological condition suitable for inoculation into cell culture, tissue culture, media, and fermenters. In laboratory microbiology, the inoculum is required to maintain the subculture of the organisms by adding cells to start the culture. Doing pilot experiments to obtain a particular product, industrial microbiology can be applied to achieve products such as antimicrobials, enzymes, beverages, drugs, toxins, vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, solvents, food products, etc. recombinant proteins. Also, the inoculum is a substance like a virus, toxins, human serum, or vaccines injected into an animal to induce an immune response. Appropriate inoculum should be in the actively growing stage, free from contamination, and able to form products that depend on its source, concentration, activity, and pretreatment. Spores, sclerotia, complete mass or fragment of mycelium in fungi; whole individuals of bacteria, phytoplasmas, protozoa, viruses, and viroids while adult nematodes, juveniles, or eggs in nematodes can be used as inoculum. Primary inoculum remains dormant or survives in adverse conditions and can cause original (primary) infection in a suitable environment. In contrast, the generation of inoculum from the primary infections is known as secondary inoculum. [AHM Nurun Nabi]