Nano-biotechnology

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Nano-biotechnology American theoretical physicist Richard Philip Feynman awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965, is known as the father of nanotechnology. On 29th January 1959, he first proposed the concept of nanotechnology by delivering a speech titled 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom' at the American Physical Society Conference at the California Institute of Technology. The research of nanotechnology was started after that historic speech. The word nanotechnology was first coined by scientist Drexler, briefly called nanotech. It is the science of controlling and changing the matter at atomic state. From multidimensional conventional semiconductors in physics to the modern self-replicating technology is nanotechnology. The scope of nanotechnology is now expanded from the control of the atomic structure to the preparation of new nanomaterials.

Nanotechnology is the preparation, efficient management, and use of need-based nanoparticles with specific sizes, dimensions, and functions. Nanoparticles are fine particles ranging from 1-100 nm in size, prepared by assembling atoms or molecules (bottom-up) or the breakdown of matter to a nanosize (top-down). The nanoparticles' multidimensional structure, size, and shape give some unique features such as size-dependent properties, high surface area and volume ratio, and unique light properties for critical length. The DNA molecule in the cell and virus particles, such as SARS-CoV-2, known as the causal agent of COVID-19 pandemic disease, are natural nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology is considered the most effective technology because this technology is used in industry for the preparation of electronic items, material science, energy sector, medicine industry, competitive biotechnology and agriculture sector and capability of amazing contributions to sustainable development.

All modern electric circuits are made of nanoparticles. Not only the electronics industry, diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases like cancer, delivery of drug molecules to the target site, and the robust application of nanotechnology in medicine and biology have opened new opportunities for its use. Nanotechnology is considered one of the driving forces of the 4th industrial revolution. [Md Tofazzal Islam]