Kumarkhali Upazila

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Kumarkhali Upazila (kushtia district) area 258.37 sq km, located in between 23°44' and 23°58' north latitudes and in between 89°09' and 89°22' east longitudes. It is bounded by pabna sadar upazila and the padma river on the north, shailkupa upazila on the south, khoksa upazila on the east, kushtia sadar upazila on the west.

Population Total 297728; male 151791, female 145937; Muslim 286094, Hindu 11589, Buddhist 25 and others 20. Indigenous communities such as Buno and Banshfor belong to this upazila.

Water bodies Main rivers: Padma, Garai, Kaliganga; Dakua canal is notable.

Administration Kumarkhali Thana was formed in 1855 consisting of 13 parganas and it was upgraded into a Sub Division of Pabna District' in 1857. In 1871 Kumarkhali Sub Division was abolished and it was included in Kushtia Sub Division under Nadia District. Kumarkhali Thana was turned into an upazila in 1983. Besides, Kumarkhali Municipality, formed in 1869, is one of the earliest municipalities of the undivided Bengal.

Upazila
Municipality Union Mouza Village Population Density (per sq km) Literacy rate (%)
Urban Rural Urban Rural

1

11

187

201

19707

10093

1152

59.8

36.5

Municipality

Area (sq km)

Ward

Mahalla

Population

Density
(per sq km)

Literacy rate (%)

10.50

9

17

19707

1877

59.8

Union
Name of union and GO code Area (acre) Population Literacy rate (%)
Male Female

Kaya 51

4608

15677

15321

36.79

Chandpur 19

6774

13396

12948

40.93

Chapra 25

5806

17502

17160

39.79

Jagannathpur 43

5898

9512

9027

35.72

Nandalalpur 69

6338

15917

15323

40.40

Panti 77

5831

13692

13177

39.52

Bagulat16

6202

11771

11372

40.10

Jadu Boyra 34

5517

11957

11434

32.67

Shelaidaha 94

11673

11926

11955

30.78

Sadaki 86

5421

11639

10553

33.43

Sadipur 90

-

8709

8053

21.72

Source Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Archaeological heritage and relics kangal harinath Majumdar's Printing Press (1857), Kuthibari of Rabindranath Tagore (1862), tomb of lalon shah, Baliakandi Shahi Mosque (Mughal period), Kushulibash Shahi Mosque (Mughal period), Miajan Kazi Jami Mosque (1840), Tebaria three domed Mosque (1889), Kumarkhali Bara Jami Mosque (1890), Haji Mosque at' Sherkandi (1887), Batikamara Jami Mosque, Gopinath Mandir at Khorshedpur (1735), Raja Sitram Math.

History of the War of Liberation The flag of the independent Bangladesh was hoisted in Kumarkhali on 23 March 1971. Five freedom fighters were killed when they raided the house of a local razakar on 6 August. Besides, an encounter was held between the freedom fighters and the Pak army and local razakars at village Baraichara of Jadu Boyra union in which one razakar was killed. Kumarkhali upazila was liberated on 9 December. There are 39 freedom fighters and 6 Biranganas (women who were raped during the War of Liberation in the upazila) in this upazila.

Marks of the War of Liberation Mass grave 2.

Religious institutions Baliakandi Shahi Mosque (Mughal period), Kushulibash Shahi Mosque, Miajan Kazi Jami Mosque (1840), Tebaria three domed Mosque (1889), Kumarkhali Bara Jami Mosque (1890), Haji Mosque at' Sherkandi (1887), Batikamara Jami Mosque, Uttar Jadu Boyra Jami Mosque (1902), Hashimpur Jami Mosque, Panti Bazar Jami Mosque, Gopinath Mandir (1735) at Khurshedpur, Raja Sitram Math, Mahishkhola Durga Mandir, Mirzapur Buddhist Math.

Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 38.1%; male 41.4%, female 34.7%. Noted educational institutions: Kumarkhali Degree College (1970), Panti Degree College (1978), Kumarkhali MN Pilot High School (1856), Khurshedpur Secondary School (1876), Jadu Boyra High School (1902), JN High School (1922), Hashimpur Multilateral Secondary School (1945), Sultanpur Mahatabia Secondary School (1945), Panti Secondary School (1957), Kumarkhali Girl's School (1963), Madhupur Collegiate School (1963), Mahendrapur Secondary School (1967), Jagannathpur Secondary School (1973), Khurshedpur Protima Girl's School (established by Tagore's daughter-in-law), Kumarkhali Senior Madrasa.

Newspapers and periodicals Daily: Grambarta (1857), Bangiya Tilisamaj; Fortnightly: Hitokori; Monthly: Shoaibi; Defunct Periodical: Pratyaya, Srijanshil, Protyashar Protibimbo,' Kohinoor, Niharika.

Cultural organisations Library 36, theatre stage 3, theatre group 5, cinema hall 1, cultural and literary organisation 20, music college, playground 15.

Tourists spots Kuthibari of Rabindranath Tagore, Tomb of baul artist Lalon Shah, Homestead of Novelist Mir Mosharraf Hossain, Gopinath Mandir, Tomb of Khurshed Shah.

Main sources of income Agriculture 42.26%, non-agricultural labourer 8.06%, industry 9.63%, commerce 18.52%, transport and communication 5.32%, service 5.88%, construction 2.17%, religious service 0.22%, rent and remittance 0.29% and others 7.65%.

Ownership of agricultural land Landowner 46.02%, landless 53.98%; agricultural landowner: urban 24.35% and rural 47.51%.'

Main crops Paddy, wheat, jute, sugarcane, maize.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops Kaun, barley.

Main fruits Mango, coconut, jackfruit, litchi, palm.

Fisheries, dairies and poultries This upazila has a number of fisheries, dairies, poultries, hatchery, nursery.

Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart.

Noted manufactories Bulbul Textile, Hira Textile, Rana Textile, Ilora Textile, Eastern Fabrics.

Cottage industries Weaving, embroidery, potteries, cane work, bamboo work.

Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 24, fairs 6, most noted of which are Shakipur, Banshgram and Khurshedpur hats; Hashimpur and' Panti bazars; Shilaidaha Mela, Lalon Shai Mela, Gopinath Mela.

Main exports Textile, milk, coconut, yogurt.

Access to electricity All the wards and unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 34.78% of the dwelling households have access to electricity.

Sources of drinking water Tube-well 95.44%, tap 0.80%, pond 0.16% and others 3.60%.

Sanitation 45.51% (rural 80.12% and urban 43.13%) of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 33.93% (rural 12.48% and urban 35.40%) of dwelling households use non-sanitary latrines; 20.56% of households do not have latrine facilities.

Health centres Upazila health complex 1, union health centre 9, family planning centre 11, mother and child welfare centre 1, clinic 5, diagnostic centre 3.

Natural disasters The floods of 1970 and 1988 caused heavy damages to settlements, livestock and crops of two villages such as' Enayetpur and Govindapur in Jadu Boyra union.

NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, asa, BRDB. [Shiek Md Badrul Alam Tipu]

References Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Kumarkhali Upazila 2007.