Santhia Upazila: Difference between revisions

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'''Santhia Upazila''' ([[Pabna District|pabna district]])  area 331.56 sq km, located in between 23°57' and 24°08' north latitudes and in between 89°25' and 89°37' east longitudes. It is bounded by [[Faridpur Upazila|faridpur]] (pabna) and [[Shahjadpur Upazila|shahjadpur]] upazilas on the north, [[Sujanagar Upazila|sujanagar]] upazila on the south, [[Bera Upazila|bera]] upazila on the east, [[Atgharia Upazila|atgharia]] and [[Pabna Sadar Upazila|pabna sadar]] upazilas on the west.  
'''Santhia Upazila''' ([[Pabna District|pabna district]])  area 331.55 sq km, located in between 23°57' and 24°08' north latitudes and in between 89°25' and 89°37' east longitudes. It is bounded by [[Faridpur Upazila|faridpur]] (pabna) and [[Shahjadpur Upazila|shahjadpur]] upazilas on the north, [[Sujanagar Upazila|sujanagar]] upazila on the south, [[Bera Upazila|bera]] upazila on the east, [[Atgharia Upazila|atgharia]] and [[Pabna Sadar Upazila|pabna sadar]] upazilas on the west.  


''Population''  Total 323932; male 168599, female 155333; Muslim 313656, Hindu 10125, Buddhist 123 and others 28.  
''Population''  Total 380301; male 191225, female 189076; Muslim 370181, Hindu 9967, Christian 136 and others 17.


''Water bodies''  Main rivers: [[Ichamati River|ichamati]], [[Baral River|baral]], [[Atrai River|atrai]]; Ghugudaha Beel is notable.  
''Water bodies''  Main rivers: [[Ichamati River|ichamati]], [[Baral River|baral]], [[Atrai River|atrai]]; Ghugudaha Beel is notable.  
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| Urban || Rural || Urban || Rural
| Urban || Rural || Urban || Rural
|-
|-
|1 || 10 || 177 || 232 || 41711 || 282221 || 977 || 44.1 || 37.4
| 1 || 10 || 156 || 234 || 38704 || 341597 || 1147 || 47.9 || 43.4
|}
|}
{| class="table table-bordered table-hover"
{| class="table table-bordered table-hover"
|-
|-
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| Area (sq km)  || Ward || Mahalla || Population || Density (per sq km)  || Literacy rate (%)
| Area (sq km)  || Ward || Mahalla || Population || Density (per sq km)  || Literacy rate (%)
|-
|-
|25.41 || 9 || 26 || 33374 || 1313 || 43.3
| 26.29 || 9 || 27 || 38704 || 1472 || 47.9
|}
|}
{| class="table table-bordered table-hover"
|-
| colspan="9" |Upazila Town
|-
| Area (sq km)  || Mouza || Population || Density (per sq km)  || Literacy rate (%)
|-
|2.54 || 1 || 8337 || 3282 || 47.5
|}
{| class="table table-bordered table-hover"
{| class="table table-bordered table-hover"
|-
|-
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| Male || Female
| Male || Female
|- |-
|- |-
|Ataikola 15 || 8790 || 16021 || 13817 || 44.16
| Ataikola 15 || 8680 || 19004  || 19035 || 51.7
|-
|-
|Karanja 51 || 7982 || 17867 || 16288 || 44.00
| Karanja 51 || 7985 || 21286  || 20539 || 44.2
|-
|-
|Kashinathpur 60 || 8958 || 19672 || 18281 || 38.39
| Kashinathpur 60 || 8914 || 23460  || 22846 || 49.5
|-
|-
|Khatu Para 69 || 7655 || 15746 || 14728 || 33.35
| Khatu Para 69 || 7759 || 17620  || 18418 || 38.7
|-
|-
|Gaurigram 43 || 7164 || 10593 || 9778 || 34.06
| Gaurigram 43 || 7164 || 11805  || 11735 || 39.3
|-
|-
|Dhopadaha 25 || 6550 || 12689 || 12039 || 33.85
| Dhopadaha 25 || 6267 || 13586  || 13699 || 42.9
|-
|-
|Dhulauri 34 || 7211 || 14387 || 13533 || 33.63
| Dhulauri 34 || 7211 || 16409  || 16204 || 41.6
|-
|-
|Nandanpur 86 || 7350 || 13845 || 12912 || 38.44
| Nandanpur 86 || 7310 || 15130  || 14738 || 44.6
|-
|-
|Nagdemra 77 || 6600 || 16526 || 15063 || 40.64
| Nagdemra 77 || 6600 || 18239  || 18032 || 40.3
|-
|-
|Bhulbaria 17 || 7566 || 13790 || 12983 || 32.33
| Bhulbaria 17 || 7647 || 15059  || 14753 || 36.1
|}
|}


''Source''  Bangladesh Population Census 2001,Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
''Source''  Bangladesh Population Census 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.


''Archaeological heritage and relics''  Ganesh Mandir (19th century)
''Archaeological heritage and relics''  Ganesh Mandir (19th century)


''History of the War of Liberation''  On 27 November 1971, the Pak army in collaboration with the local razakars violated women at Fakir Para under Dhulauri union of Santhia upazila; they also captured 22 freedom fighters and killed 21 of them on the bank of the river Ichamati by bayonet charges. Santhia upazila was liberated on 15 December.  
''War of Liberation''  On 27 November 1971 the Pak army, in collaboration with the local razakars, violated women at Fakir Para under Dhulauri union of Santhia upazila; they also captured 22 freedom fighters and killed 21 of them on the bank of the river Ichamati by bayonet charges. Freedom fighters had encounters with the Pak army at Dabbagan and Santhia Pilot High School ground of the upazila. The upazila was liberated on 15 December. There is a mass grave at Nagdemra; memorial monuments were built at Shahidnagar and at Santhia upazila compound.
 
For details: see সাঁথিয়া উপজেলা, ''বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ'' (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation), বাংলাদেশ এশিয়াটিক সোসাইটি, ঢাকা ২০২০, খণ্ড ১০।


''Marks of the War of Liberation''  Mass grave 1 (Nagdemra); memorial monument 2 (Shahidnagar and Santhia upazila compound)
[[Image:SathiaUpazila.jpg|thumb|right|600px]]


''Religious institutions''  Mosque 360, temple 48, church 2. Noted religious institutions: Upazila Jami Mosque, Nagdemra Jami Mosque, Shahidnagar Jami Mosque, Santhia Kali Mandir, Ataikola Christan Missionaries Church.
''Religious institutions''  Mosque 360, temple 48, church 2. Noted religious institutions: Upazila Jami Mosque, Nagdemra Jami Mosque, Shahidnagar Jami Mosque, Santhia Kali Mandir, Ataikola Christan Missionaries Church.


''Literacy rate and educational institutions''  Average literacy 38.3%; male 41.6%, female 34.7%. Educational institutions: college 9, secondary school 43, primary school 171, kindergarten 5, madrasa 52. Noted educational institutions: Miapur Haji Jasimuddin School and College (1965), Santhia Pilot High School (1943), Ataikola High School (1939), Santhia Government Primary School (1901), Nagdemra Government Primary School, Raghunathpur Government Primary School, Dhulauri Kawsaria Kamil Madrasa (1907), Boalmari Kamil Madrasa (1940).  
''Literacy rate and educational institutions''  Average literacy 43.9%; male 45.3%, female 42.5%. Educational institutions: college 9, secondary school 43, primary school 171, kindergarten 5, madrasa 52. Noted educational institutions: Miapur Haji Jasimuddin School and College (1965), Santhia Pilot High School (1943), Ataikola High School (1939), Santhia Government Primary School (1901), Nagdemra Government Primary School, Raghunathpur Government Primary School, Dhulauri Kawsaria Kamil Madrasa (1907), Boalmari Kamil Madrasa (1940).  


''Cultural organizations''  Library 4, club 16, theatre group 1, cinema hall 3, ''jatra'' party 1, playground 11, women society 6.
''Cultural organizations''  Library 4, club 16, theatre group 1, cinema hall 3, ''jatra'' party 1, playground 11, women society 6.
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''Fisheries, dairies and poultries''  Fishery 35, dairy 997, poultry 120, nursery (fish) 1.
''Fisheries, dairies and poultries''  Fishery 35, dairy 997, poultry 120, nursery (fish) 1.


''Communication facilities''  Pucca road 140.80 km, semi-pucca road 19.78 km, mud road 471.79 km; waterway 12 nautical miles.  
''Communication facilities''  Pucca road 184 km, semi-pucca road 40 km, mud road 648 km.  


''Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport''  Palanquin, horse carriage.  
''Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport''  Palanquin, horse carriage.  
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''Main exports''  Paddy, onion, vegetables, leather.
''Main exports''  Paddy, onion, vegetables, leather.


''Access to electricity''  All the wards and unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 26.83% of the dwelling households have access to electricity.  
''Access to electricity''  All the wards and unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 53.6% of the dwelling households have access to electricity.  


''Natural resources''  Lime stone, sand stone, lime, coal, sand.
''Natural resources''  Lime stone, sand stone, lime, coal, sand.


''Sources of drinking water''  Tube-well 96.62%, tap 0.33%, pond 0.23% and others 2.82%.  
''Sources of drinking water''  Tube-well 94.1%, tap 0.6% and others 5.3%.  


''Sanitation''  17.54% (rural 16.09% and urban 27.33%) of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 77.41% (rural 78.74% and urban 68.42%) of dwelling households use non-sanitary latrines; 5.05% of households do not have latrine facilities.
''Sanitation''  72.0% of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 24.7% of dwelling households use non-sanitary latrines; 3.3% of households do not have latrine facilities.


''Health centres''  Upazila health complex 1, health and family welfare centre 8, satellite clinic 3, clinic 1.  
''Health centres''  Upazila health complex 1, health and family welfare centre 8, satellite clinic 3, clinic 1.  
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''NGO activities''  Operationally important NGOs are [[BRAC|brac]], ASA.  [Prabir Goswami Babu]  
''NGO activities''  Operationally important NGOs are [[BRAC|brac]], ASA.  [Prabir Goswami Babu]  


'''References'''  ''Bangladesh Population Census 2001'', Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Santhia Upazila 2007.
'''References'''  Bangladesh Population Census 2001 and 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Santhia Upazila 2007.





Latest revision as of 16:08, 24 October 2023

Santhia Upazila (pabna district) area 331.55 sq km, located in between 23°57' and 24°08' north latitudes and in between 89°25' and 89°37' east longitudes. It is bounded by faridpur (pabna) and shahjadpur upazilas on the north, sujanagar upazila on the south, bera upazila on the east, atgharia and pabna sadar upazilas on the west.

Population Total 380301; male 191225, female 189076; Muslim 370181, Hindu 9967, Christian 136 and others 17.

Water bodies Main rivers: ichamati, baral, atrai; Ghugudaha Beel is notable.

Administration Santhia Thana was formed in 1905 and it was turned into an upazila in 1986.

Upazila
Municipality Union Mouza Village Population Density (per sq km) Literacy rate (%)
Urban Rural Urban Rural
1 10 156 234 38704 341597 1147 47.9 43.4
Municipality
Area (sq km) Ward Mahalla Population Density (per sq km) Literacy rate (%)
26.29 9 27 38704 1472 47.9
Union
Name of union and GO code Area (acre) Population Literacy rate (%)
Male Female
Ataikola 15 8680 19004 19035 51.7
Karanja 51 7985 21286 20539 44.2
Kashinathpur 60 8914 23460 22846 49.5
Khatu Para 69 7759 17620 18418 38.7
Gaurigram 43 7164 11805 11735 39.3
Dhopadaha 25 6267 13586 13699 42.9
Dhulauri 34 7211 16409 16204 41.6
Nandanpur 86 7310 15130 14738 44.6
Nagdemra 77 6600 18239 18032 40.3
Bhulbaria 17 7647 15059 14753 36.1

Source Bangladesh Population Census 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Archaeological heritage and relics Ganesh Mandir (19th century)

War of Liberation On 27 November 1971 the Pak army, in collaboration with the local razakars, violated women at Fakir Para under Dhulauri union of Santhia upazila; they also captured 22 freedom fighters and killed 21 of them on the bank of the river Ichamati by bayonet charges. Freedom fighters had encounters with the Pak army at Dabbagan and Santhia Pilot High School ground of the upazila. The upazila was liberated on 15 December. There is a mass grave at Nagdemra; memorial monuments were built at Shahidnagar and at Santhia upazila compound.

For details: see সাঁথিয়া উপজেলা, বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation), বাংলাদেশ এশিয়াটিক সোসাইটি, ঢাকা ২০২০, খণ্ড ১০।

Religious institutions Mosque 360, temple 48, church 2. Noted religious institutions: Upazila Jami Mosque, Nagdemra Jami Mosque, Shahidnagar Jami Mosque, Santhia Kali Mandir, Ataikola Christan Missionaries Church.

Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 43.9%; male 45.3%, female 42.5%. Educational institutions: college 9, secondary school 43, primary school 171, kindergarten 5, madrasa 52. Noted educational institutions: Miapur Haji Jasimuddin School and College (1965), Santhia Pilot High School (1943), Ataikola High School (1939), Santhia Government Primary School (1901), Nagdemra Government Primary School, Raghunathpur Government Primary School, Dhulauri Kawsaria Kamil Madrasa (1907), Boalmari Kamil Madrasa (1940).

Cultural organizations Library 4, club 16, theatre group 1, cinema hall 3, jatra party 1, playground 11, women society 6.

Main sources of income Agriculture 65.44%, non-agricultural labourer 4.72%, industry 5.52%, commerce 10.65%, transport and communication 2.87%, service 4.17%, construction 0.88%, religious service 0.10%, rent and remittance 0.20% and others 5.45%.

Ownership of agricultural land Landowner 59.08%, landless 40.92%; agricultural landowner: urban 50.25% and rural 60.39%.

Main crops Paddy, wheat, potato, onion, vegetables, mustard.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops Barley, sesame, kaun, tobacco.

Main fruits Mango, papaya, banana.

Fisheries, dairies and poultries Fishery 35, dairy 997, poultry 120, nursery (fish) 1.

Communication facilities Pucca road 184 km, semi-pucca road 40 km, mud road 648 km.

Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage.

Noted manufactories Rice mill, flour mill, ice factory, hosiery factory, welding factory.

Cottage industries Goldsmith, blacksmith, weaving, wood work, bamboo work, cane work.

Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 30, fairs 3, most noted of which are Ataikola Hat, Banagram Hat, Kashinathpur Hat, Karanja Hat, Chatur Hat, Boalmari Hat, Shahidnagar Hat and Krishi Mela at Sadar Upazila.

Main exports Paddy, onion, vegetables, leather.

Access to electricity All the wards and unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work. However 53.6% of the dwelling households have access to electricity.

Natural resources Lime stone, sand stone, lime, coal, sand.

Sources of drinking water Tube-well 94.1%, tap 0.6% and others 5.3%.

Sanitation 72.0% of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 24.7% of dwelling households use non-sanitary latrines; 3.3% of households do not have latrine facilities.

Health centres Upazila health complex 1, health and family welfare centre 8, satellite clinic 3, clinic 1.

Natural disasters The floods of 1988 and 1998 caused heavy damage to settlements, crops and other properties of the upazila.

NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, ASA. [Prabir Goswami Babu]

References Bangladesh Population Census 2001 and 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Santhia Upazila 2007.