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Combined display of all available logs of Banglapedia. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

09:51, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:ComillaUniversityAdminBuilding.jpg
06:42, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:BegumRokeyaUniversity.jpg
06:42, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:BegumRokeyaUniversity.jpg
04:03, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs deleted page Ahmad, Mozaffar2 (content before blanking was: "right|thumbnail|200px|Mozaffar Ahmad '''Ahmad, Mozaffar2''' (1922-2019) politician, President of NAP (Mozaffar), organizer of the Liberation War, one of the prominent members of the Advisory Council of the Government of Bangladesh (mujibnagar government) during the Liberation War, former Member of Parliament. He was born on 14 April 1922 at Alahabad village of Devidwar upazila in Comilla district....")
03:59, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Ahmad, Mozaffar1 (Created page with "'''Ahmed, Mohiuddin1''' (1944–2021) journalist, writer, editor, publisher, and founder of Bangladesh’s leading publishing house, The university press limited (UPL). The approach and thoughtfulness he has brought to the selection and presentation of books are not only unique in the publishing industry at the national level but also measurable by global standards. Image:AhmedMohiuddin2.jpg|right|thumbnail|200px|Mohiuddin...")
03:49, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:AhmadMozaffar.jpg
03:49, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:AhmadMozaffar.jpg
03:47, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Ahmad, Mozaffar2 (Created page with "'''Ahmad, Mozaffar2''' (1922-2019) politician, President of NAP (Mozaffar), organizer of the Liberation War, one of the prominent members of the Advisory Council of the Government of Bangladesh (mujibnagar government) during the Liberation War, former Member of Parliament. He was born on 14 April 1922 at Alahabad village of Devidwar upazila in Comilla district. His father's name is Kayam Uddin Bhuiyan. Mother’s name is Afzar Nessa....")
03:39, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:BegumMamtaz.jpg
03:39, 15 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:BegumMamtaz.jpg
16:12, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Multiple Sclerosis (Created page with "'''Multiple Sclerosis''' (MS) is a potentially inactivating brain andspinal cordsickness collectively called the central nervous system. In MS, the body's self-immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath membrane that wraps the nerve fibers, causing signaling problems between the brain and other body parts. It's considered an autoimmune disease. Ultimately, this disease's consequences are permanent damage or deterioration of the nerves. Once the defensive myelin...")
16:10, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Microbiome (Created page with "'''Microbiome''' our body harbors both helpful and potentially harmful microbes. The entire collection of microorganisms living in and on all vertebrates or inhabiting a specific niche is referred to as the microbiota. Humans contain 10 times higher numbers of microbes than their cells. The human microbiota consists of 10–100 trillion symbiotic microbes, and most are found in the gut. The genomes present in microbiota are known as microbiomes which are more complex th...")
16:08, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Metagenomics (Created page with "'''Metagenomics''' is an advanced genomics that studies the nucleotide sequences in the mixed DNA or RNA molecules extracted from the cells of various organisms in environmental samples, their identification, interactions between organisms, etc. It is a modern way of studying the diversity of microorganisms present in an ecosystem, their abundance, gene expression, detection of pathogens, detection of various non-pathogenic diseases including cancer, new gene discovery,...")
16:00, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Meningitis (Created page with "'''Meningitis''' inflammation is called Meningitis. Three membranes: Dura mater, the furthest layer; Arachnoid mater, the center layer; and Pia mater, the deepest layer, i.e., closest to the brain and spinal cord that cover the spinal cord and brain are the meninges. The meninges ensure the protection of the spinal cord by covering it and holding the protective cerebrospinal fluid, generally recognized as the spinal fluid. This liquid secures the spine from shocks and o...")
15:32, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:Itching.jpg
15:32, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:Itching.jpg
15:32, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Itching (Created page with "'''Itching''' An uncomfortable irritation sensation produced on the skin surface probably makes one rub it with nails. Itchiness can be generalized (all over the body) or localized to a small region or spot. Itches can occur with or without skin lesions, bumps, blisters, rash, redness, etc. Mild, short-lived itching is common, but the problem can occasionally be severe and frustrating. In case of severe itching only, sometimes, we probably feel like scratching it. Howev...")
15:19, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Insulin (Created page with "'''Insuli''' is a pancreatic hormone produced by islets of Langerhans of beta cells in the pancreas. It is synthesized as preproinsulin, which is processed into proinsulin, a 74 amino acids polypeptide. Proinsulin is modified in the endoplasmic reticulum of beta cells. It is cleaved at two places producing active insulin hormone composed of two polypeptide chains (chain A= 21 amino acids and chain B=30 amino acids) joined together by disulfide bonds and an intervening b...")
15:11, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Insect Pests of Maize (Created page with "'''Insect Pests of Maize''' the insects which cause infestation and damage to maize plants in the field of Bangladesh are fall armyworm (''Spodoptera frugiperda''), aphid (''Rhopalosiphum maidis''), shoot fly (''Atherigona orientalis''), cutworm (''Agrotis ipsilon''), common cutworm (''Spodoptera litura''), climbing cutworm (Mythimna separate), stem borer (Chilo partellus), pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens), European corn borer (''Ostrinia nubilalis''), earworm (''Heli...")
15:08, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Inoculum (Created page with "'''Inoculum''' any substance which is used to inoculate is known as inoculum. The term inoculates, first introduced in English in the 15th century, was referred to as implanting a bud into another plant. The main objective of inoculum is to obtain an optimum level of viable biomass or a substance to be injected in a proper physiological condition suitable for inoculation into cell culture, tissue culture, media, and fermenters. In laboratory microbiology, the inoculum i...")
15:06, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Inhaler (Created page with "'''Inhaler''' (also known as a puffer) a medical device used to deliver and absorb medicinesinto the lungs through a person's breathing for the targeted medical treatment, eg, inchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, as well as a quick action bypassing slow absorption in oral drug intake. Inhaled medications like salmeterol, corticosteroids, etc., improve symptoms and lung function. The most widespread type of inhaler is the pressurized metered-dose i...")
15:01, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Indigenous Knowledge of Coastal Fishing Communities (Created page with "'''Indigenous Knowledge of Coastal Fishing Communities''' the dynamic nature of the Bay of Bengal’ ecological system and its exceedingly rich aquatic resources provide the right setting for the generation and sustenance of small-scale fishers’ specialized Indigenous Knowledge (IK) system. Nurtured within the socially-embedded local institution and belief system, fishers’ IK is a fluid mix of empirical knowledge developed through decades of active experimentations...")
14:53, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:Bioinformatics.jpg
14:53, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:Bioinformatics.jpg
14:50, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:ElevatedExpressway.jpg
14:50, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:ElevatedExpressway.jpg
14:49, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Dhaka Elevated Expressway (Created page with "'''Dhaka Elevated Expressway''' also called freeway or motorway, is a major arterial divided superhighway having at least two lanes with a breakdown lane or hard shoulder in each direction having controlled exit and entry and no level crossing. An expressway is constructed by adopting advanced geometric design eliminating all hazards and inconveniences of fast driving. The expressways are usually constructed between two important locations for smooth driving at high spe...")
14:45, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:Faridpur-BarisalNationalHighways.jpg
14:45, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:Faridpur-BarisalNationalHighways.jpg
14:44, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:Flyover.jpg
14:44, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:Flyover.jpg
14:42, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:Germination.jpg
14:42, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:Germination.jpg
14:42, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Germination (Created page with "'''Germination''' is a process of growth of a plant species from its seed. A classic example of this can be the sprouting of a seedling from an angiosperm or gymnosperm seed. Seed germination process generally involves three major phases. In the first stage, the seed coat gets swollen and softened following the rapid water absorption of seed. As a result, the seed activates its internal physiology, begins its respiration process, breaks down the stored food in metabolis...")
14:38, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Gestation (Created page with "'''Gestation''' is termed as the period of intrauterine embryonic and fetal development. The duration of gestation is calculated as the interval from fertile service to parturition and is genetically determined among the mammalian species. The gestation length varies from species to species. For example, the gestation period is approximately 270-290 days in cattle, 145-155 days in goats and sheep, and 305-320 days in buffalo. Moreover, gestation length has a positive co...")
14:36, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Halophile (Created page with "'''Halophile''' the halophile comes from a Greek word for 'salt-loving' The organisms that can grow in saline conditions are halophiles, and they can live in high salinity, more than in the sea. Halophiles can be found in hypersaline habitats, extensively disseminated in diverse ecological areas such as saline soils, salt marshes, salt pans, or saline lakes. Halophiles are located in the domain archaea with some eukaryotic species, namely, ''Dunaliella salina'' (alga);...")
14:20, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Health Hazard (Created page with "'''Health Hazard''' is a potential source of harm, and the hazard that would affect the health of exposed individuals with chronic or acute illness is called a health hazard. Health hazards can be physical, chemical, or biological factors that do not usually result in immediate fatal consequences but may cause measurable (ie, pulmonary function) or non-measurable (ie, feelings) signs and symptoms in the exposed person. Along with these three categories nowadays, there a...")
14:18, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Hemophilia (Created page with "'''Hemophilia''' is an inborn disorder in which blood is in short supply of sufficient blood-clotting proteins, also known as clotting factors, and doesn’t coagulate normally. A person with hemophilia may bleed for longer period even after minor cuts, injuries, or following vaccination. Severe deficiency of the clotting proteins in plasma can give rise to serious bleeding in various parts of the body, especially in the knees, ankles, or the brain. These clots arising...")
14:16, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Heparin (Created page with "'''Heparin''' is a naturally occurring complex glycosaminoglycan composed of polymers of several carbohydrates including D-glucuronic acid, L-iduronic acid and D-glucosamine, in which the amino groups and some of the hydroxyl groups are sulfated. It has a very high density of negative charge. Heparin is a natural anticoagulant that is produced by the liver, lungs, and other tissues. As a medication, heparin is used as a blood thinner that is injected into muscle or a ve...")
14:15, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Hormone (Created page with "'''Hormone''' the hormone is a type of signaling molecule known as a chemical messenger. As the name suggests, the hormones act as a messenger by transporting a signal from the site of their secretion to the distant target organs to exert their biological functions. Hormones are essential system components and are required for the correct development of multicellular organisms (animals, plants, and fungi). Hormones could be classified into subgroups based on their invol...")
14:13, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Huntington's Disease (Created page with "'''Huntington's Disease''' (HD) is a neurological disorder. It is such a situation that gradually, a part of the brain becomes nonfunctional and is usually fatal after up to 20 years. It is a genetic disease where the defect is passed on from a person's parents. These diseased people typically die within 15 to 20 years of their initial diagnosis. In chromosome 4, a part of DNA is repeated multiple times than it is supposed to, causing HD, and this DNA repeat is called a...")
14:12, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page Hypersensitivity (Created page with "'''Hypersensitivity''' is an exaggerated or inappropriate reaction produced by the normal immune response against an innocuous or harmless environmental substance called allergen. It is an over-reaction of the immune system, and the outcome may be undesirable. There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions, of which the first three are antibody-mediated reactions, and the fourth type is due to antigen-sensitized 'T cells'. Type I or immediate hypersensitivity is ch...")
14:08, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:PadmaBridge.jpg
14:08, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:PadmaBridge.jpg
14:04, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:Anisuzzaman.jpg
14:04, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:Anisuzzaman.jpg
06:46, 14 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs changed group membership for BanglapediaAdmin from (none) to administrator
06:43, 14 October 2023 User account BanglapediaAdmin talk contribs was created by Nasirkhan talk contribs
04:59, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs created page File:HamidMdAbdul.jpg
04:59, 14 October 2023 Mukbil talk contribs uploaded File:HamidMdAbdul.jpg
21:02, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Category:Architecture (Created page with "Category:Banglapedia")
20:48, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Germ Cell (Created page with "'''Germ Cell''' the term 'germ' has derived from the Latin word 'germen' which means seed or sprout. The central component of animal reproduction is the germ cell.. These cells are responsible for making connectivity between generations by passing down the information from one generation to another. Nussbaum-Weismann first provided the concept of germ cells. These cells serve as the means by which the genome and cytoplasmic components are passed to the progeny, mostly t...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Genotoxic Carcinogen (Created page with "'''Genotoxic Carcinogen''' act directly on DNA to cause cancer, such as chemical carcinogens, eg, Benzo[a]pyrane of cigarette smoke, physical carcinogens, eg, UV radiation, and biological carcinogens, eg, EBV/HPV. Cancer development is a multi-step process involving initiation, promotion, and progression. The initiator or in vivo metabolites, eg, Benzo[a]pyrane, cause irreversible mutation to DNA that becomes susceptible to promoter action for being transformed into c...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Genome Editing (Created page with "'''Genome Editing''' the term 'genome' refers to the entire genetic material of an organism or species. An organism's genome contains all the genetic information of that organism. Generally, an organism's genome is the sum of all the cell's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules. For RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses, the genome is the entire RNA molecules of that virus. By making specific changes in any part of the genome sequence of a particular organism, desired charac...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Genome (Created page with "'''Genome''' the entire genetic information of a living organism is called its genome.All of the hereditary information that is required for the creation and maintenance of life and reproduction are contained within a genome. In humans, a complete copy of the genome is present in the majority of the cells of the body. The genome consists of both the coding and the noncoding DNA, along with chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA. The human genome includes both nuclear and...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Genetically Modified Organism (Created page with "'''Genetically Modified Organism''' (GMO) a gene codes for a functional protein such as an enzyme which can then produce a metabolite like a glucose molecule. Metabolites, in turn, are responsible for cell function. Many cells together make an organ, and many organs constitute a living organism. Due to variation in the string of nucleotides (made up of sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate) that make up a gene, its efficacy in producing the relevant protein may be low...")
20:48, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Genetic Disease (Created page with "'''Genetic Disease''' a genetic disease is a health condition caused by an abnormality in the genome. The genome is the total collection of genetic material which is organized inside the nucleus of a cell as microscopic assemblies known as chromosomes. The human genome consists of approximately 25,000 genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that influences a particular biological function and is passed down from parent to offspring. Genetic disease is caused by a change or mu...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Functional Food (Created page with "'''Functional Food''' are everyday foods that offer us additional support for one or more organs in both healthy and pathological conditions. Functional foods offer active bioactive compound(s) in addition to their regular nutritional content, and those bioactive compound(s) exhibit additional positive health effects. Functional foods are becoming progressively well-liked over the globe these days. People who live in developed nations include functional foods in their e...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Foot and Mouth Disease (Created page with "'''Foot and Mouth Disease''' (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of all cloven-footed animals, primarily cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep, deer and pigs. This is also called Khurarog, Khurachol and Batna in Bangladesh. The leading cause of FMD is an RNA virus called Apthovirus under Picornaviridae family. There are seven distinct serotypes (A, O, C, Asia-1, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3) and 62 sub-types of the virus. The reported serotypes in Bangladesh are A, O, C, Asia-1...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Food Toxicology (Created page with "'''Food Toxicology''' deals with the toxic effects of natural and synthetic poisons and toxicants present in diverse foods and food products. Food toxicology is an important branch of food chemistry, and this area of science is gaining importance as the food supply chain is taking a multidimensional and multinational approach. So any level of contamination or intoxication will have widespread adverse health effects. Food toxicology deals with the toxic effects of food o...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Flyover (Created page with "right|thumbnail|400px|A section of Mayor Mohammed Hanif Flyover '''Flyover''' a flyover or overpass is a bridge that carries an elevated roadway or railway line over another roadway or railway line, including or excluding supplementary roads to communicate between the two. When two roads cross on the same level, both are closed and opened in turns by signal, and the traffic movement at the crossing point becomes half. This system causes delays and...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Fertilization (Created page with "'''Fertilization''' is the union of two haploid gametes, sperm, and ovum, to restore a diploid individual in the form of the zygote. The male and female gametes are produced from the founder or germ cells of the testis and ovary through a process called spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females. The spermatogenesis process starts after the onset of puberty due to the influence of the male sex hormone testosterone, which produces millions of sperm in a continuous...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Fertility (Created page with "'''Fertility''' is the natural capability to produce offspring through regular sexual activity following the onset of puberty. Fertility is one of the main factors affecting the reproductive efficiency directly involved with the profit-loss equation of any farm, and herd fertility is the sole indicator of good or bad reproductive management practice. Fertility is directly associated not only with the female health condition but also equally important for contribution of...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Fermentation (Created page with "'''Fermentation''' is a metabolic process carried out by microorganisms that produce chemical alterations in organic matter due to the action of enzymes. The word 'ferment' comes from the Latin word 'fervere', which means 'to boil'. Ironically, fermentation is possible without heat, and the science of fermentation is known as zymology. Fermentation is a natural process that usually takes place in anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) and in the presence of beneficial mic...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Environmental Pollution (Created page with "'''Environmental Pollution''' can be defined as any unwanted change in chemical,physical, or biological features of any component of the environment, ie, water, air, or soil, which can cause damaging effects on several forms of living systems. Water pollution is caused by natural or human activities and makes water unusable. The polluted water cannot be used for drinking, domestic activities, irrigation of crops, or industrial purposes. The major causes of water polluti...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Embryo (Created page with "'''Embryo''' is the early developmental stage of all multicellular organisms. In general, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization. The fertilized egg undergoes a series of cellular divisions known as cleavage without increasing cell mass up until 6 or 7 days and moving downward gradually in the fallopian tube. Only nuclear material (chromatin) is synthesized between divisions at the expense of the cytoplasmic substance of...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Elevated Expressway (Created blank page)
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Ecology (Created page with "'''Ecology''' is the study of the relationship between organisms with the surrounding environment. It is a branch of biological science. German Biologist Earnest Haeckle coined the term Ecology in 1906 from two Greek words Oikos means house logos means study. It is a science that investigates organisms concerning the environment. Moreover, it is the study of the structure and functions of nature. It has excellent practical implications on environmental interaction among...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Ecological Chemistry (Created page with "'''Ecological Chemistry''' a research discipline that deals with understanding complex interactions between or among different organisms in a given ecosystem via chemical signals. Ecological chemistry is evolved by cross-fertilizing two diverse disciplines: ecology and biochemistry. It is the study of chemicals involved in the interactions of living organisms. Ecological chemistry is everywhere. Chemically-mediated interactions between organisms are pervasive at all lev...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Earthworm (Created page with "'''Earthworm''' are typical annelids, ie, true segmented coelomate invertebrate worms that live in moist soil environments under three broad habitats, epigeic (litter dwelling), endogeic (soil-dwelling), and anecic (deep burrowing). They are nocturnal, and thus people cannot see them during day time. The naming of earthworms is due to their common occurrences in unpolluted cultivated lands where piles of fecal casting can be seen at the mouth of a tunnel they live in. T...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Dodhi (Created page with "'''Dodhi''' or Doi is a kind of fermented food that originated from milk. Milk is converted into Dodhi due to the fermentation of lactose, the carbohydrate present in milk, by some special types of bacteria. Doi can be made by coagulating milk by adding starter culture at 2-3% to lukewarm milk and keeping it at 37-42°C temperature for 4-12 hours. In general, dodhi made before 2-3 days is considered a starter culture rich in beneficial bacteria. The carbohydrate in milk...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page DNA Fingerprinting (Created page with "'''DNA Fingerprinting''' are a scientific way to identify a person based on the information contained in a DNA molecule. It uses advanced molecular techniques to identify or establish a link between two individuals by analyzing micro satellite sequences. Like the potential fingerprints at our fingertips, each individual has a unique DNA fingerprint. Traditional fingerprints can be modified by plastic surgery, but DNA is present in almost every cell of the human body and...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page DNA (Created page with "'''DNA''' Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary unit in humans and the majority of living organisms. All living things contain DNA within their cells that hold the genetic instructions. In eukaryotes, most of the cellular DNA is located within a membrane-bound structure called the nucleus (which is referred to as nuclear DNA), but the mitochondria may also contain a small amount of DNA (which is referred to as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). In contrast, in prokary...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Disease Outbreak (Created page with "'''Disease Outbreak''' a sudden rise in the number of cases of a disease over normal expectancy in a geographical location or season, ie, above the baseline or endemic level of the disease. It may involve a small and localized community or impact thousands of people across continents. The occurrences of disease cases depend on the disease-causing agent and the size, existing, and previous exposure to the agents. Several outbreak patterns can help identify the transmissi...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Diphtheria Toxin (Created page with "'''Diphtheria Toxin''' a potentially lethal infection mainly caused by toxigenic ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae'' strains. A similar illness could be produced occasionally by ''Corynebacterium ulcerans'' and rarely by ''Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis'' strains. In general, the bacterium ''C. diphtheriae'' was found only in the upper respiratory tract of cattle, horses, and men. The first diphtheria epidemic occurred in Spain in 1613, and Pierre Bretonneau named the d...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Dentifrice (Created page with "'''Dentifrice''' is a powder, paste, or liquid, used along with a toothbrush to remove dental stains and food debris, minimize the plaque build-up, strengthen teeth against caries, alleviate sensitivity, and introduce a fresh, pleasantness and clean feeling. Tooth powder was historically used as a dentifrice among the Romans. They made tooth powder from various substances, such as the bones and horns of animals; crabs; oyster shells; and eggshells, sometimes after being...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Decontamination (Created page with "'''Decontamination''' is a process of elimination or destruction of contaminants or pollutants or harmful agents, or hazardous materials present in or on an object or area. Contaminants can be toxins, poisons, chemicals, radioactive substances, and microbes or infectious components. Decontamination processes make equipment, devices, foodstuff, and the environment safe to protect us and our surroundings. Cleaning (physical removal of contaminants including dust, soil, an...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Cow Dung (Created page with "'''Cow Dung''' is the waste product (faces) of bovine animal species. These species include cattle, buffalo, bison, yak, and water buffalo. The undigested residue of feeds is passed through the animals' digestive systems. Cow dung, usually a dark brown, is often used as excellent manure (agricultural fertilizer). Cow dung compost is a fertilizer produced by rotting cow dung and waste in an anaerobic or aerobic way in the ground. Cow dung harbors a diverse group of micro...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Coronavirus (Created page with "'''Coronavirus''' are zootonic viruses that are enveloped and have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Alpha, beta, gamma, and delta are the four genera of coronaviruses. The most pathogenic forms that have been found in their natural habitats, bats, are the alpha and beta forms. Besides, palm civets and camels are believed to have acted as the intermediate for transmitting SARS to humans. Out of the seven coronaviruses, the highly pathogenic and contagious Severe Acut...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Climate Change (Created page with "'''Climate Change''' is the record of change in weather patterns over a long period, often over several years. Therefore climate change will typically refer to seasonal weather patterns and rainfall over several years. Climate change can indicate the average local pattern of the weather or that of the earth compared to a few years ago. Compared to pre-industrial levels, the average global temperature has increased by about 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. This...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Chicken (Created page with "'''Chicken''' the chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red jungle fowl originally from Southeastern Asia and belongs to the genus Gallus of the family Phasianidae. A rooster or cock is an adult male chicken with coarse skin, toughened and darkened meat, and hardened breastbone tip, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. A male that has been castrated is a capon. An adult female bird is called a hen, and a sexually immature fem...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Chemotherapy (Created page with "'''Chemotherapy''' is defined as using powerful chemical compounds as drugs to kill rapidly growing cells in the body. While chemotherapy is mostly used to treat cancer cells due to their rapid growth, it could also be used to treat bone marrow disorders and immune system diseases. Many different chemotherapeutic drugs are available in the market, which can be used alone or in combination to treat different types of cancer. Major categories of chemotherapy agents includ...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Cheese (Created page with "'''Cheese''' or Paneer is a kind of dairy product that is made by special processing of curd. A special type of protein named casein in milk plays an important role in making cheese. Curd obtained by coagulating milk with the help of an enzyme or acid is separated and then processed through several steps to concentrate protein and fat while making cheese. In the final stage, the curd is cured at a specific temperature and humidity with the help of selected microorganisms...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Cellulose (Created page with "'''Cellulose''' is the most common biopolymer, and it can be found in an extensive range of living organisms that employ it as a support material. It is a crucial constituent in the firm cell wall of plants. In 1838, the French chemist Anselme Payen first discovered cellulose when studying plant cell walls. Cellulose is made up of a 10,000 to 15,000 linear chain of glucose molecules joined by acetal oxygen covalent links between the C1 of one glucose ring with the C4 of...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Cell (Created page with "'''Cell''' are the basic building blocks of all living things.All living beings are composed of cells and they are the smallest units of a structure in every living thing. Some organisms are unicellular in which the entire organism is a single cell, such as a bacterium or yeast. On the other hand, in plants and animals, cells are the building blocks of these multicellular organisms. A cell is an individual unit in the sense that it is capable of metabolizing its nutrien...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Camphor (Created page with "'''Camphor''' is a wax-like, combustible and transparent solid with a heavy aromatic odor. It is resembled by the formula C10H16O and chemically it’s a terpenoid. Camphor is found in different essential oils in both of its two enantiomeric states. The oil of camphor wood, ''Cinnamomumcamphora'' L. Sieb is the highest source of camphor and in some related varieties, notably ''Ocoteausambarensis'' Eng., it is also abundant. Besides, camphor contrib...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Blood Thinner (Created page with "'''Blood Thinner''' blood thinners are pharmacological products or drugs that help smooth flow of blood through the blood vessels and prevent existing coagulated blood from getting larger. Formation of clot in the blood vessels (including veins, arteries or capillaries) and heart can cause blockages, strokes, and heart attacks. Blood thinners do not actually make the blood thinner or dissolve clots, but they prevent free-flowing blood from forming new lumps and restrict...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Blood Pressure (Created page with "'''Blood Pressure''' is the pressure or force of blood provided against the blood vessel wall. When the heart contracts, it forces the blood out of the left ventricle. Upon exclusion, it travels through blood vessels to different body parts. While moving, it exerts a force on the blood vessel. Due to friction of blood with the blood vessel, pressure arises that is called blood pressure. Most of the blood is forcefully released from the heart when the heart contracts. Th...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Blood (Created page with "'''Blood''' is perhaps the most complex fluid found in nature and it is essential to life of humans and other vertebrates. Blood is a suspension of cells in an aqueous medium containing many micro- and macro-molecules, including various proteins, hormones, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, glucose, and nutrients. Blood is circulated throughout the body to deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells of the body, and transport metabolic waste products including carbon dioxide aw...")
20:47, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Bloat (Created page with "'''Bloat''' is a serious health problem of domestic ruminants. A bloat is a form of indigestion marked by excessive gas accumulation in the rumen. During digestion, gas is produced as part of the normal process and is usually released by the eructation process from the body. Bloat happens when any reason disrupts this eructation process loss of gas. There are two types of bloat. The most common type of blot is gassy bloat and the second type of bloat is frothy bloat. T...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Black Quarter (Created page with "'''Black Quarter''' the disease Black Quarter is also known as Black leg and Badla in Bangala. In Bangladesh, this disease is mostly found in the rainy season, and hence the disease is named Badla. It is an acute, highly fatal infectious disease in cattle and sheep. The disease primarily affects the younger stocks, aged between 6 months to 2 years in cattle. The disease affects ruminants all over the world. The organism of this disease mainly affects leg and neck muscle...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biosafety (Created page with "'''Biosafety''' refers to the safe handling and containment of biohazards (hazardous biological substances) and also prevents the large-scale loss of biological integrity. In health and medicine, the biosafety discipline takes measures to dwindle the health risk from potential exposure to biohazards by preventing personnel exposure and environmental release.The biosafety practices are based on two principles: biorisk assessment and biocontainment. Biorisk assessment is...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biopolymers (Created page with "'''Biopolymers''' are polymers that formed in natural conditions by complex metabolic processes during cell’s growth cycles of most organisms. To synthesize biopolymers living organisms use simple monomeric units such as sugars, sugar derivatives, amino acids, nucleotides, etc. Starch, cellulose, alginate, lignin, gelatin, proteins, peptides, & nucleic acids are all examples of biopolymers. These biopolymers contribute a significant fraction of cellular dry weight in...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biopharmaceuticals (Created page with "'''Biopharmaceuticals''' the term ‘Pharmaceutical’ indicates any drug or medicine used for medical purposes. The pharmaceuticals that are obtained from biological sources are termed Biopharmaceuticals or biologics. However, some biotechnologists make a difference between biopharmaceuticals and biologics based on the methods employed to manufacture them. According to them, those products obtained from biological sources using biotechnological principles and procedure...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biomass (Created page with "'''Biomass''' is a plant and animal organic material that can be converted from chemical energy to thermal energy in a suitable process. The total amount of living and biological matter in every ecological area is scientifically measured as biomass. Although carbon is the main component of biomass, it usually contains hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and it also includes some alkaline or acidic elements and heavy metals. The fundamental difference between biomass and fos...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biological Weapon (Created page with "'''Biological Weapon''' the use of biological substances intended to cause harm, disable or even kill humans, animals or plants as a war act is known as biological weapon (bioweapon). The weapons can be either biological toxins (eg botulinum, ricin, etc) or disease-causing infectious agents like bacteria (eg, plague, anthrax, or Q fever), viruses (smallpox, hepatitis, etc.), insects and fungi. Biological weapon can also be called germ warfare. More than 180 pathogens ha...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Bioinformatics (Created page with "'''Bioinformatics''' emergence of bioinformatics was possible by the merging of two different areas- Biology and Computer science. The scope of bioinformatics involves deposition, storage, and retrieval, of biological data. It is a multidisciplinary field of science, which harnesses biology, medicine, mathematics, chemistry, computer science, information technology, and statistics to facilitate the analysis and interpretation the complex biological data, particularly in...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biohazard (Created page with "'''Biohazard''' biohazards or biological hazards are biological substances, ie, microorganisms, spores, toxins, and parasites that pose a potential threat and adversely affect human health or other animals. Biohazard can be natural, bioengineered, or synthesized. Additionally, biohazard encompasses other substances like medical-pathological samples of body tissues, organs from surgical and autopsy procedures, or fluid from biological sources that may contain microorgani...")
20:46, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Biofuel (Created page with "'''Biofuel''' fuel produced from biomass (organic matter) derived from microbial, plant, or animal materials through biological processes is called biofuel, a class of renewable energy. This includes any plant or algae material (including wood), as well as agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Corn ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas from organic byproducts are the most common biofuels. Biofuels are also very often produced from crops that can be repl...")
20:42, 13 October 2023 Nasirkhan talk contribs created page Autotroph (Created page with "'''Autotroph''' means ‘self-feeders’. Organisms that produce complex organic compounds or foods using carbon from simple substances such as CO2 generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis) are known as autotrophs. Plants, algae, and some bacteria harvest light energy through photosynthesis. These organisms, along with a few others that use chemical reactions as energy source (chemosynthesis), are call...")